Transcript 1933-1945
The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire; any mass slaughter or reckless destruction of life 1933-1945 Historical Context of The Holocaust 1933-1945 1933-1945 Anti-Semitism Salarino: Why, I am sure, if he forfeit, thou wilt not take his flesh? What’s that good for? Shylock: To bait fish withal; if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. He hath disgraced me and hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; and what’s his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villainy you teach me I will execute; and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction. 1933-1945 Karl Lueger (1844-1907) Mayor of Vienna “If Dr. Karl Lueger had lived in Germany, he would have been ranked among the great minds of our people.” -Adolf Hitler in Mein Kampf 1933-1945 Beer Hall Putsch Nov. 9, 1923 “In 1935, the sixteen dead were moved from separate graves to a pair of “Honor Temples” in Munich where they took up “eternal watch.” It was as if they had been born again. Flags that formerly had flown at half mast were now at full mast. The New York Times correspondent observed that Munich was celebrating “not a funeral but a triumph.” As the names of the sixteen were called in a last roll call before the Honor Temples, the assembled crowd of thousands answered “here” to each name.” Bending Spines p. 21 Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF • “Mein Kampf” means “My Struggle”; Hitler wrote it while in prison in the 1920’s • Still banned in most European countries • Given to every newly married German couple from the late 1930’s onward Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF • “The relation of the Jews to prostitution and, even more, to the white-slave traffic, could be studied in Vienna…When thus for the first time I recognized the Jew as the cold-hearted, shameless, and calculating director of this revolting vice traffic in the scum of the big city, a cold shudder ran down my back.” (p. 59) • “Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord.” (p. 65) Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF “On this first and greatest lie, that the Jews are not a race, but a religion, more and more lies are based in necessary consequence.” (p. 307) 1933-1945 1933-1945 1933-1945 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor 1933-1945 Night of the Long Knives June 30-July 2, 1934 "If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of justice, then all I can say is this: In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people." "It was no secret that this time the revolution would have to be bloody; when we spoke of it we called it 'The Night of the Long Knives.' Everyone must know for all future time that if he raises his hand to strike the State, then certain death is his lot." 1933-1945 March 1933 Dachau Concentration Camp 1933-1945 May 10, 1934 Book Burnings 1933-1945 Sept. 10, 1935 Nuremberg Laws 1933-1945 July 1938 Evian Conference 1933-1945 October 1938 Deportations Begin 1933-1945 November 7, 1938 Assassination of Ernst Vom Rath 'Being a Jew is not a crime. I am not a dog. I have a right to live and the Jewish people have a right to exist on this earth. Wherever I have been I have been chased like an animal.'9 --Herchel Grynszpan 1933-1945 November 9, 1938 Kristallnacht 1933-1945 May 1939 S.S. St. Louis 1933-1945 Sept. 1, 1939 WWII Begins Heinrich Himmler on Polish Education Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF • “The sole goal of this schooling is to teach them simple arithmetic, nothing above the number 500; writing one’s name; and the doctrine that it is divine law to obey the Germans…I do not think that reading is desirable.” • --May 1940 1933-1945 1940 Euthanasia Program Adolf Hitler's authorization for the Euthanasia Program (Operation T4), signed in October 1939 but dated September 1, 1939. __________ National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md. This photo originates from a film produced by the Reich Propaganda Ministry. It shows two doctors in a ward in an unidentified asylum. The existence of the patients in the ward is described as "life only as a burden." Such propaganda images were intended to develop public sympathy for the Euthanasia Program. __________ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Slide taken from a Nazi propaganda filmstrip, promoting "euthanasia," prepared for the Hitler Youth. The caption says: "Mentally ill Negro (English) 16 years in an institution costing 35,000 RM [Reichsmarks]." __________ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum German Education: Math Problems Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF “The construction of a lunatic asylum costs 6 million marks. How many houses at 15,000 marks each could have been built for that amount?” Buses used to transport patients to Hadamar euthanasia center. The windows were painted to prevent people from seeing those inside. Germany, between May and September 1941. __________ Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden 1933-1945 Summer 1941 Killing Squads “Einsatzgruppen” 1933-1945 December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor 1933-1945 February 19, 1942 Executive Order 9066 1933-1945 January 20, 1942 Wannsee Conference Reinhard Heydrich, chief of SD (Security) Service 1933-1945 Summer 1942 Deportations to camps begin 1933-1945 1942-1945 Camp Life… and Death 1933-1945 April-October 1943 Rebellion Treblinka under attack Train tracks leading into Sobibor Warsaw ghetto uprising 1933-1945 Death Marches 1933-1945 1945: Liberation 1933-1945 October 18, 1945October 1, 1946 Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Trial Convictions Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF Guilty: 12- sentenced to death; 3- life imprisonment; four- 10-20 years in prison Innocent: 3 were acquitted 1933-1945 November 13December 14, 1945 Dachau Trials Dachau Trial Convictions Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF Guilty: 40 Nazi war criminals found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging Innocent: none 1933-1945 Israel: A New State Number of Jews Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 5, 900, 000 Number of Gypsies Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 220, 000 Number of Handicapped Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 200,000 Number of Polish People Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 1,900,000 Number of Soviet Prisoners of War Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 3, 300, 000 Number of Homosexuals Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 15,000 (estimate only) Number of Jehovah’s Witnesses Murdered: Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF 1,800 1933-1945 “Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life, and you shall make them known to your children, and to your children’s children.” Deuteronomy 4:9