Transcript The World in Crisis

The World in Crisis
Chapter 12.1
Agenda for Today
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Return Test
12.1 Slide Show
Homework
Read Section 12.2 of textbook
Warsaw, Poland 1939
Warsaw, Poland 1944
How could this happen?
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you
should be able to:
• Identify Adolph Hitler and his
background
• List reasons for German resentment of
the Treaty of Versailles
• Give examples of who supported the
Nazis and why
How did the Treaty of Versailles (ended
WWI) punish Germany?
• Germany
had to:
• Pay
reparations
• Lost
territory
• Had to
disarm
• Forced to
sign War
Guilt Clause
Who was Adolph Hitler?
• Born in Austria (1889)
• Fuhrer (leader) of Germany from
1933-1945
• Struggling artist in Munich &
Vienna (early 1900s)
• Fought for Germany in WWI
• Developed hated for “November
Criminals” and the “Stab in the
back”
• Joined small German Workers
party (Nazis) in 1921
– Anti-Semitic
– Anti-Communist
– Anti-Versailles
– Pro Germany
• Imprisoned for coup on Weimar
government in 1923
• Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
How did Hitler gain power? Who
supported him?
• Read the case
study you were
given and write:
• The author’s
social class or
occupation
• Reasons why he
supports Hitler
and the Nazis
Describe Hitler’s methods of propaganda.
Herman Struts
• A German Army Lieutenant
• Deeply resents Treaty of
Versailles
– Weimar Republic
• Can’t get promoted
• Army disrespected
Karin Hauptman
• Union worker in a
Textile Factory
• Fears communism
• Wants stronger unions
that respect seniority
• Wants stable economy
Eric von Ronheim
• Factory Executive
• Resents Treaty of
Versailles (reparations)
• High taxes
• Crippled German
economy
• Fears communist
takeover
Karl Schmidt
• Ruhr Valley
Steelworker
• Wants a job
• Resents French
occupation of Ruhr
• Resents wealthy
capitalists
Lotte von Kohler
• Attorney
• Resents demeaning
attitude of the Allies
(French) towards
Germany
• Wants German race and
culture recognized for its
greatness
Wilhelm Schultz
• East Prussian Peasant
• Resents Versailles for
loss of “Polish Corridor”
• Cuts him off from
relatives
• Poles mistreat
Germans
• Hinders trade
• Fear communist will
take land
Hitler’s Rise
Hitler’s Rise to Power
Describe the steps Hitler took to become the
totalitarian dictator of Germany by
August of 1934.
• 7/1932 Nazis won most seats in
Reichstag
• Hitler appointed Chancellor Jan
1933
• Got Hindenburg (the president) to
suspend civil rights
• Got Reichstag to give him power to
make his own laws
• Got military to swear allegiance to
him
• Aug. ’34 abolished presidency and
declared himself Fuehrer (supreme
leader)
Describe the NAZIS program.
• NAZIS- National Socialist German
Workers Party
• Eliminate differences between
rich and poor
• Ignore Treaty of Versailles
• Preached Germans (Blond-haired,
blue-eyed) Aryans were chosen
people (Master Race)
• Jews and ‘undesirables’ were to
be eliminated
• Germans under foreign rule to be
reunited with the Fatherland
• Lebensraum (living space)
acquired
German Rearmament
Germany’s Economic Recovery
How did Hitler justify the murder of his
political enemies?
• Used occasion of a fire at
Reichstag to blame his
political enemies
• Referred to them with
words like “traitor,
poison”
• Said he did it to save the
“German people and the
German Reich”
• Used the S.A. (Storm
Troopers) to intimidate,
imprison, murder
political foes
Fire at the Reichstag
Describe FDR’s foreign policy in 1933?
• Americans were too
preoccupied with the GD to pay
attention to Hitler
• Continued isolationist posture
• Good Neighbor Policy (1933)
• US pledged not to interfere with
internal affairs of Latin American
countries
• Non-interventionists wanted
America to stay out of Europe’s
troubles
Describe how Benito Mussolini and the fascist created a
totalitarian dictatorship in Italy? How did Italians and
Americans view him?
• Wounded vet of WWI
• Order, efficient government that would
restore Italy’s rightful place as dominant
power of Mediterranean
• Called himself ‘IL Duce’ (the leader)
• Fascist- party that preached the nation and
race above individual
• Black Shirts -used intimidation to gain
power
• Totalitarian Dictatorship- complete control
over all facets of Italian life
• Viewed by many as ‘model of strength and
determination’
• Created new social and economic programs
• Trains ran on time, 400 new bridges, 4
thousand miles of roads
• Invaded and took over Ethiopia
Mussolini 1933 by Diego Rivera
from DR Museum
Mussolini and Fascism
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Why did many Americans fight against
Franco in the Spanish Civil War?
• 1931 monarchy replaced by
democratically elected left wing
government
• Fascist opposition from AntiCommunist Francisco Franco
• Civil War breaks out
• Mussolini and Hitler send aid to
Franco and test new weapons.
• 3, 000 Americans (Abraham Lincoln
Brigade) join democratic gov.
• Feared the spread of fascism
– “And after France?”
• Foreshadowing of fascist aggression
to come.
Guernica, Picasso
What aggressive moves did Hitler make
in 1938? How did he justify this?
• March 1938 he took Austria
• Aug. 1938 he said he was
going to take the
Sudetenland region of
Czechoslovakia
• Said he wanted to defend
German speaking people
against the oppression of
the Czechs
• What would the French and
British do?
What is appeasement and what would
Winston Churchill think of it?
• England and France gave in to
Hitler’s demands in return for
peace (Appeasement)
• Munich Pact (9/1938) British
Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain allowed Hitler to
have Sudetenland in return for
no further territorial
acquisitions
• “Peace for our time”
• 51/2 months later Hitler took all
of Czechoslovakia
What was the Nonaggression Pact?
Why was it important to Hitler?
• Called the MolotovRibbentrop Pact
• Treaty between Germany and
USSR in which each country
pledged not to attack the other
(Aug. 23, 1939)
• Would free up Hitler’s troops
from fighting a two-front war
• Treaty secretly divided up
Poland between Germany and
USSR
Why did Japan want to expand its
borders into the Asian mainland?
• Wanted to make Japan selfsufficient
• Lacked land for agriculture, raw
materials (wheat, petroleum,
rubber, coal, iron, timber)
• Wanted living space for
growing population
• Military most honored members
of Japanese society
• Viewed conquest as heroic
deed
• Manchuria was poorly defended
and rich in natural resources
– Occupied “Manchukuo” by
9/1932
Hitler’s Road to War
-WW I
Ends
-Treaty of
Versailles
1918
1921
Hitler leads
unsucessful
Coup
German
economy in
hyperinflation
-Mein Kamf
1923
1928
General Franco
seizes power
from Socialists
in Spain
-Hitler later
sends military
aid
Hitler takes
Austria and
Sudentenland
Munich Pact
brings “Peace
for our time.”
NOT
1931 1933
-NAZI party
gains seats in
Reichstag
-Wall Street
Crashes (1929)
Hitler appointed
Chancellor
-Becomes
Fuehrer when
Hindenburg dies
1938
1939
Hitler
invades
Russia
1941
-Germany signs
Non Aggression
Pact with USSR
-Hitler invades
Poland
Why was America against Japan’s
invasion of China?
• American public sympathized
with Chinese peasant
(hardships popularized in The
Good Earth)
• Japan would become an
economic threat
• Close Chinese market to
American business (lose $100
million in cotton sales)
• Rape of Nanking (China
Incident) viewed by Americans
as “barbaric, disgraceful”
What were the Neutrality Acts and what
did FDR think of them?
• Laws that prohibited the sale of
American weapons to warring
nations
• Tried to prevent Americans from
traveling to those countries
• FDR didn’t like them but
American public was isolationist
• Military not ready for a fight yet
• Ranked 18th in the world (behind
Belgium)
“Britain and France had to choose between
war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They
will have war.”
Winston Churchill
What happened on September 1, 1939?
• In Aug. ’39 Hitler
demanded the Polish
Corridor (large German
population)
• Poland refused
• Hitler invaded Poland
• Began World War II
• First time Blitzkrieg
“Lightning War” was used
• Why did he think he could
get away with this? What
events led to this moment?
WWII Begins