Transcript Chapter 5
Chapter 5 Terms Applications Software for Business Introduction to Information Systems Judith C. Simon Slide 5-1 "Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein." Slide 5-2 Chapter 5 Terms Review Add-on package: software with special features that can be used along with a basic software program such as a spreadsheet or word processing package Artificial intelligence (AI) software: methods of using computer capabilities to imitate human thinking and reasoning processes Calendaring and scheduling software: software that electronically checks calendar then schedules meetings to fit those calendars Slide 5-3 Chapter 5 Terms Review Cell: the intersection of a vertical column and horizontal row on a spreadsheet, representing one location for entry of data Context-sensitive help screen: help facility that, when activated, displays the help topic related to the current activity being performed Database software: software designed primarily for use with many types of data that need to be linked in a variety of ways at different times Slide 5-4 Chapter 5 Terms Review Decision support system (DSS) software: software that assists users with decisions in which some or all of the information needed is not known in advance (semistructured or unstructured decision) Editing: software capable of changing data in a document, such as inserting, deleting, copying, or moving characters Executive information system (EIS): easy-to-use system designed to provide summary data to top-level executives, with a drill-down capability to view additional details as needed Slide 5-5 Chapter 5 Terms Review Expert system software: a form of artificial intelligence software that includes a reasoning capability; designed to assist in decision making by basing recommendations on information provided by experts Formatting: software capability of changing the appearance of data, such as underlining or centering a group of words Forms processing software: software with special capabilities related to use of forms, such as designing, completing, and transmitting forms electronically Slide 5-6 Chapter 5 Terms Review Goal-seeking analysis: analysis that begins with a desired end result (a goal) and works back to determine the data or path needed to reach that goal Graphics software: software with a capability of creating many types of charts or pictorial displays Group decision support system (GDSS) software: specializes DSS designed to be used when multiple persons are involved in making one decision; also referred to as group support system (GSS) software Slide 5-7 Chapter 5 Terms Review Help screen: on-screen assistance in completing specific software tasks Inference engine: the feature of an expert system that handles the processing of rules and facts to reach a conclusion, using either forward or backward chaining (path direction) Knowledge acquisition facility: facility of an expert system that allows the knowledge engineer (developer) to enter appropriate information and relationships into a knowledge base Slide 5-8 Chapter 5 Terms Review Knowledge base: the part of an expert system that includes facts based on information gathered from experts, as well as rules that indicate procedures to follow in using the facts Macro: software capability of storing a series of steps that can be activated and used easily; macros save time when the same steps are used repeatedly for a particular activity Menu-driven help screen: help facility that gives users on-screen options for choosing a topic with which they need assistance Slide 5-9 Chapter 5 Terms Review Model: a representation of some business activity or system that allows changes to be tested on the model instead of on the actual system Neural network: a form of artificial intelligence software that imitates some functions of the human brain, such as learning capacity Office application software: programs designed to assist in performing many activities found in business offices Slide 5-10 Chapter 5 Terms Review Office automation: using information technology to automate office activities Presentation graphics: software with a capability of creating graphic materials of high enough quality for use in making oral presentations Project management software: software that assists in planning, scheduling and controlling all aspects of important project activities Slide 5-11 Chapter 5 Terms Review Smart icons: on-screen picture representing a specific function; selecting the picture activates the function (e.g., the user selects a printer icon to activate a printing activity) Spreadsheet software: software designed primarily for numeric activities and containing vertical columns and horizontal rows in which data is entered, somewhat like an accountant’s worksheet User interface: computer system capability that allows the knowledge engineer (developer) to enter appropriate information and relationships in a knowledge base Slide 5-12 Chapter 5 Terms Review What-if analysis: capability of changing data in one location to see its effect on related data Word processing software: software designed for use primarily in creating documents containing paragraph data, such as letters and reports Workflow software: software with special capabilities relating to automating the flow of many types of work processes Slide 5-13 Slide 5-14