Transcript Chapter 9

CHAPTER 9
DECISION
MAKING
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
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DECISION MAKING
• Model – a simplified representation or
abstraction of reality
• IT systems in
an enterprise
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TRANSACTION PROCESSING
SYSTEMS
• Moving up through the organizational pyramid users move
from requiring transactional information to analytical
information
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TRANSACTION PROCESSING
SYSTEMS
• Transaction processing system (TPS) - the basic
business system that serves the operational level
(analysts) in an organization
• Online transaction processing (OLTP) – the capturing
of transaction and event information using technology to
(1) process the information according to defined business
rules, (2) store the information, (3) update existing
information to reflect the new information
• Online analytical processing (OLAP) – the manipulation
of information to create business intelligence in support of
strategic decision making
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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
• Decision support system (DSS) – models information to
support managers and business professionals during the
decision-making process
• Three quantitative models used by DSSs include:
1. Sensitivity analysis – the study of the impact that
changes in one (or more) parts of the model have on
other parts of the model
2. What-if analysis – checks the impact of a change in
an assumption on the proposed solution
3. Goal-seeking analysis – finds the inputs necessary
to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output
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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
• What-if analysis
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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
• Goal-seeking analysis
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EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
•
Executive information system (EIS) – a
specialized DSS that supports senior level
executives within the organization
•
Most EISs offering the following capabilities:
– Consolidation – involves the aggregation of
information and features simple roll-ups to complex
groupings of interrelated information
– Drill-down – enables users to get details, and
details of details, of information
– Slice-and-dice – looks at information from different
perspectives
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Digital Dashboards
• Digital dashboard – integrates
information from multiple components and
presents it in a unified display
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Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Intelligent system – various commercial
applications of artificial intelligence
• Artificial intelligence (AI) – simulates
human intelligence such as the ability to
reason and learn
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Artificial Intelligence (AI)
•
Four most common categories of AI include:
1. Expert system –imitate the reasoning
processes of experts in solving difficult problems
2. Neural Network – attempts to emulate the way
the human brain works
3. Genetic algorithm –mimics the evolutionary,
survival-of-the-fittest process to generate
increasingly better solutions to a problem
4. Intelligent agent –specific tasks on behalf of its
users
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Data Mining
• Data-mining systems sift instantly through
information to uncover patterns and
relationships
• Data-mining systems include many forms
of AI such as neural networks and expert
systems