Transcript 9-18-12 ANSI Burhans

Update from working group on Safety
Information in Electronic Media
Charles Burhans, M.S.E.
Paul Frantz, Ph.D.
ANSI Z535 Committee Meeting
9/18/12
Review
• At 2011 Committee Meeting, presented:
o Data on increasing internet and smartphone use
o Research on the accessibility of electronic owners
manuals
o Examples of “Safety Information in Electronic
Media”
• Consensus of the group was that this was an area of
interest that warranted further exploration
Challenges
• Committee hadn’t had an opportunity to think
about and develop guidance for future directions
• There was enthusiasm expressed about the
potential to incorporate electronic media and
develop guidance for Safety Information presented
in non-traditional formats
• Without a clear plan or direction it wasn’t clear how
to engage volunteers for the working group.
Goals for Current Meeting
• Brief review of recent research on changing norms
in Safety communications
• Review historical approach to developing new
standards
• Discuss challenges represented by Electronic Media
• Consider approaches
• Identify a direction for future efforts
Recent research
How much would you prefer receiving product-related
information concerning its features, maintenance, repair,
warnings, etc., through the following kinds of media?
Instructional
Technologies
2012 mean
(ASE interns)
(Mehlenbacher, et. al.)
2.63
3.53
Likert Scale
3.55
4.61
(0): Do not
prefer at all
-
4.17
3.78
-
3.42
-
In an owner's manual
4.73
5.44
Written or video material
on a CD or DVD
2.94
3.56
-
2.90
Direct instruction from a
live person
Directly attached to the
product
World Wide Web
Written owner's manual
accessible on the internet
Video clips accessible on
the internet
Video
ASES 2012; n=145
Mehlenbacher, Wogalter, & Laughery (2002); n=365
2002 mean
(8): Extremely
prefer.
Historical approach to developing new
standards (Z535.6)
o Purpose:
• Address the applicability of elements of other ANSI Z535series standards to collateral materials
• Establish a uniform and consistent visual layout for safety
information in collateral materials for a wide variety of
products,
• Assist manufacturers in providing safety information in
collateral materials
• Promote the efficient development of safety messages in
collateral materials
Historical approach to developing new
standards (Z535.6)
o Development Process:
• Reviewed standards and recommended practices
for design of collateral materials
• Analyzed existing collateral materials
• Identified topics to be addressed by the standard
• Developed draft considered by Z535 committee in
2003
• Revised 2003 draft based on comments from
committee
Historical approach to developing new
standards (Z535.6)
o Development Process (cont.):
• Proposed standard for 2004 committee meeting
• Revisions based on feedback from Z535
committee
• Approval by Z535 committee
• Public comment period
• Final approval and publication
Discuss challenges represented by
Electronic Media
•
•
•
•
•
Examples
Case Studies
Guidelines
Recommended practices
Research
ANSI Z535
Historically the ANSI Z535 standards have
been preceded by countless examples from
industry.
Previously Committee has had the
benefit of experience
Examples
Case Studies
Guidelines
Recommended
practices
Research
Safety Signs
X
X
X
X
X
On-product
Warnings
X
X
X
X
X
Manuals
X
X
X
X
X
Discuss challenges represented by
Electronic Media
o Multiple Categories
• Product on-screen warnings
• Static/printable product materials
• Non-linear product information
• Task interrupting electronic information
• Videos
• Interactive applications
• Access points
• Other miscellaneous safety communications
• Future-augmented reality, etc.
Presented
in 2011
Discuss challenges represented by
Electronic Media
o New Categories/Examples
• Twitter/Facebook Safety Messages/”Parties”
• Near Field Communications (Pushing messages)
• Artificial Intelligence, (AUDI:AviCoS,
IBM:Watson, Apple:Siri)
New in
2012
Discuss challenges represented by
Electronic Media
o Twitter/Facebook Safety Messages/”Parties”
“Diono is joining us for a Twitter party
to talk about essential car seat
safety. They’ll have experts on hand
to answer questions like:
• How long should my child stay rear
facing?
• When is my child safe to move
from a car seat to a booster?
• How do I know when my older
child is safe moving out of a
booster?”
Discuss challenges represented by
Electronic Media
o Near Field Communications
Discuss challenges represented by
Electronic Media
o Artificial Intelligence
“The virtual figure
understands complete
sentences. Using artificial
intelligence, AviCoS interprets
questions by the vehicle
occupants and answers in
spoken language. The driver
can view descriptive images
or videos on-screen and the
avatar points to the relevant
areas during the explanation.”
Many questions
Examples
Case Studies
Guidelines
Recommended
practices
Research
Product on-screen
warnings
?
?
?
?
?
Static/printable
product materials
?
?
?
?
?
Non-linear product
information
?
?
?
?
?
Task interrupting
electronic
information
?
?
?
?
?
Videos
?
?
?
?
?
Interactive
applications
?
?
?
?
?
Access points
?
?
?
?
?
Other miscellaneous
safety
communications
?
?
?
?
?
Future-augmented
reality
?
?
?
?
?
Twitter/Facebook
Safety Messages
?
?
?
?
?
Near Field
Communications
?
?
?
?
?
Artificial Intelligence
?
?
?
?
?
Options
Historic Approach
• Collect/review information on selected topic areas
• When sufficient information is available begin the standard
making process for specific media
• Key questions will be:
₋ What media to focus on?
₋ Is there enough information available for any media type?
• Observations:
₋ Long term solution
₋ Will provide the most detailed guidance to developers
₋ Will require substantial work
Options
Common Ground Approach
• Identify relevant aspects from existing Z535 standards
• Develop guidance/standardazation that is broader than
existing standards in scope, but not as specific
• Key questions will be:
₋ Are there common elements that are amenable to ‘partial’
standardization?
₋ What would the form for this guidance be? (Standard, Guideline,
Annex, other?)
₋ Would this guidance be useful? Would it be used?
• Observations:
₋
₋
₋
₋
Shorter term solution
Enduring solution
Will provide the quickest guidance to developers
Will require less work
From 2011: How to apply concepts from
existing standards to new media?
• Basic building blocks:
– Signal words
– Safety alert symbol
– Colors
– Panels
– Symbols
– .6 safety message
types
•
•
•
•
Supplemental directive
Grouped
Section
Embedded
• Other issues:
– Type size
– Safe viewing
distance
– Translation
– Durability, expected
life
Z535 Scope and current content
Excerpts from Z535 Forewords [emphasis added]
• “The Z535 Committee has the following scope:
To develop standards for the design, application,
and use of signs, colors and symbols intended to
identify and warn against specific hazards and for
other accident prevention purposes.”
• “Together, these six standards contain
information needed to specify formats, colors,
and symbols for safety signs …”
Potentially applicable sections of
Z535.6 and Z535.4
Z535.4
Z535.6
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4 Definitions
5 Use of signal words
6 Sign or label format
7 Safety sign and label colors
8 Letter style and size
9 Sign and label placement
10 Expected life and
maintenance
• 11 Safety symbols
• Annex A, D, E, F, portions of B
4 Definitions
5 Message components
6 Supplemental directives
7 Grouped safety messages
8 Section safety messages
9 Embedded safety messages
10 Property damage
All Annexes
Excerpting/Adapting Z535.6
+
Level 1 –
– Key definitions
– Section 5 Message components
+
Level 2 – above, plus message types
– Supplemental directives
– Grouped safety messages
– Section safety messages
– Embedded safety messages
+
Level 3 – above, plus other relevant components
Options
Blended Approach: Establish 2 working
groups/projects
1. Ad-Hoc group to develop guidance document for use
across all media types
2. On-going group/members to review new media uses
and help round out our unanswered questions about
the media types. This group could provide regular
feedback to the committee about:
- Emerging media
- State of the research
- Recommendations for Media that may be suitable
for more specific standardization