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Information Technology for Business An Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations Key Resources in a Business 1. P 2. I 3. T (a set of used to work with information) All three working together can help a company achieve a competitive advantage Information systems are businesses operate the way that New ways to perform old tasks (new way of doing things) Do things that were never done before. Businesses are forced to rethink how they do business. A of business are affected by Information Technology. You are preparing to be a Knowledge Worker. Knowledge Workers work with and INFORMATION AS A NEW BUSINESS RESOURCE Information is a key business resource, but what is information? DATA - is any describe a particular phenomenon. that - is simply data that has a particular meaning within a specific context. Information is data that has been Information ????? 4200 1625 3260 9834 3112 $42.00 $16.25 $32.60 $98.34 $31.12 Checks Written Today $42.00 $16.25 $32.60 $98.34 $31.12 For information to be truly valuable, it must appear in the INFORMATION IS A KEY RESOURCE Information is good to have, but that is not what businesses want. They want……….. B (BI) – knowledge about customers, competitors, suppliers, business partners, the competitive environment you are operating in, and your own internal operations, etc.. Combined forms of information to create real knowledge Encompasses Helps you make BI involves gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics or operations. Dimensions of Information Time: having access to Location: having access to your information (but it still must be ). Form: it has to be in a form that you can use and it must also be Granularity: info becomes more as it moves the organization, and more PEOPLE AS A KEY RESOURCE The single most important resource in any organization is its . Your greatest asset is your brain/mind (your ability ). Information technology (IT) is simply a Technology Literate Knowledge workers know technology. Information Literate Knowledge workers ………. D what information is needed. Know Understand information Act appropriately based on information. When working with information, you can never forget your Computer-Based Information Systems Hardware: computer Software: Databases: organized Telecommunications: of communications signals. P involved with the system. Procedures for using the system. that run the computer. and info Business Information Systems Electronic Commerce Systems E T between parties Systems (TPS) Systems that handle day-to-day business-related exchanges Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) An consisting of integrated applications with a common database which coordinates business activities and (Examples include PeopleSoft, Microsoft Business Solutions Great Plains Dynamics) D Systems (DBMS) Database: Most common information repository in use today Decision Making Tools/Systems D (DSS) : An interactive decision-making tool that provides support for non-routine decisions or problems where A (AI): A decision-making tool where all of the decision-making expertise is because the system can simulate human thinking and/or behavior. IT ( ) in Support of Business Businesses use IT to give themselves a : customers value their product or service more than the competition’s product or service. IT helps aid doing things right, in the least amount of time with the & optimizing the use of resources. Transaction processing systems, customer self-service systems, databases and database management systems IT supports Helps you a situation and Decision support systems and artificial intelligence IT in Support of Business IT can be used to support C Management systems use info. about customers to gain insights about them in order to better meet their needs. S Management systems automate the tracking of inventory & information among business processes & across companies. Sales Force Automation systems Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, such as SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Microsoft Business Solutions/Great Plains K Systems to capture, organize, and disseminate knowledge (organizational memory and expertise) throughout an organization. IT can be used for : using technology to evolve and transform itself into new modes of operation, market segments, and so on. IT in Support of Business IT can be used to Reach new customer segments, offer new products and services, offer complimentary products IT can be used to Optimize manufacturing processes, decrease transportation costs, reduce the costs of human capital, minimize errors, do things more efficiently. Telecommunications enables Databases and database management system software can be used to IT systems can be used to support decision making by and sometimes Pervasive Computing (aka Ubiquitous Computing) P computing – computing and technology support anytime, anywhere, with access to any needed information 1. D 2. S 3. M computing information computing Pervasive Computing Decentralized computing – Distributes to knowledge workers by placing the processing power on their desktops and within the functional areas. Shared information – allows anyone access to needed information because the information resides in a Mobile computing – your ability to use technology to to and use centrally located information and/or application software. The slides that follow this slide provide more detailed information regarding topics found in this presentation and/or chapter. They will not be covered in class, but reviewing these slides would be beneficial because they help provide a deeper understanding of the topics covered in this presentation. Electronic Commerce Systems Electronically executing business transactions between parties Business to Consumer Business to Business Transaction Processing Systems Process business exchanges Maintain records about the exchanges Handle routine, yet critical, tasks Perform simple calculations Enterprise Resource Planning Systems An ERP system is a set of integrated programs that is capable of managing the operations of a business spread across multiple sites. All business functions built into one integrated software package. Integrated manufacturing, accounting/financial, marketing and human resources system. SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Microsoft Business Solutions/Great Plains Dynamics ERP Artificial Intelligence (AI) A decision-making tool where all of the decisionmaking expertise is programmed into the system because the system can simulate human thinking and/or behavior. The system makes the decision for you. The primary types of artificial intelligence we will see in this class include: Expert Systems Neural Networks Genetic algorithms Intelligent Agents (many kinds of these) Robotics Decision Support Systems (DSS) Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems where there may be several answers that work. Must directly interact with the system to build and/or select the most appropriate model to solve the problem. You use the tool and make the ultimate decision, as opposed to artificial intelligence where the system makes the decision and tells you what to do.