Transcript Biology Chapter 4 - Fort Thomas Independent Schools

Biology Chapter 4
CELLS
Introduction to cell

1.
2.
3.
Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure &
function
Cells only come from other living cells
Cell Scientists
1.
Hooke  first to call them cells
2.
Leeuwenhoek  first to see living
cells
3.
Schleiden  1st to say all plants
have cells
4.
Schwann 1st all animals have
cells
5.
Virchow  all cells come from
other cells
CELL SIZE
limited
to the ratio between outer
surface area and the volume
larger
the ratio the better
if a cell gets too big it cannot get
nutrients in or wastes out fast enough
microwave baked potato
Cell Diversity
 Cell
Shape  shape is determined by its
function
 Organization
all
have membranes
All have genetic information
Cell Types
1.
Prokaryotes  no nucleus
 no membrane
bound organelles
EX: bacteria
Cell Types
 2.
Eukaryotic--
True nucleus
 Have membrane bound
organelles
small structures that have
specific function in the cell
EX: plants, animals
Eukaryotic Cells

3 Major Regions
1.
2.
3.
Cell Membrane
Cytosol with cytoplasm
Nucleus
Parts of a Eukaryotic cell
 Cell
Membrane
Selectively
permeable
Some things pass through
others do not
Phospholipid
bi-layer
1. Water loving (hydrophilic) heads
2. Water fearing (hydrophobic) tails
Proteins- on the surface & within the bilayer
Parts of a Eukaryotic cell
 Mitochondria
 Ribosome
 Golgi
 make ATP / energy
 have folded membrane
called cristae
 make proteins
Apparatus → package proteins
13
14
Parts of a Eukaryotic cell
 Endoplasmic
Reticulum  transports
proteins
 smooth = no ribosomes
 rough = have ribosomes
 Lysosome
 break down old cell parts
 only in animal cells
 Cytoskeleton
 microfilaments &
microtubules
17
Parts of a Eukaryotic cell
 Cillia
 short & many hair like move
substances or cell
 Flagella  long & one hair like, move cell
Parts of a Eukaryotic cell
 Nucleus
 Has nuclear envelope
chromatin that becomes
chromosomes
nucleolus – makes
ribosomes
 pores – allow things in &
out of nucleus
 control center of cell
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Parts of a Eukaryotic cell
 Cell
wall*  made of cellulose
 support for a plant cell
 Vacuoles*
 store wastes & enzymes
 can be very large
 Plastids*
 have pigments that absorb light
chloroplasts – chlorophyllphotosynthesis
 chromoplast – different color
 amyloplast – store starch
Plant or Animal
Multicellular Organization

Cells working
together make up
tissue

Tissues working
together make
organs

Organs working
together make
organ sys

Organ Systems make
up organism
Colonial organisms
 are
thought to be a link between
uincellular & multicellular organisms

Each cell is responsible for their own self,
some do functions that benefit the whole
group.
 EX:
Volvox.