Transcript Eukaryote
Cells Nucleus present Eukaryote Prokaryote Membrane bound organelles NO Nucleus NO Membrane bound organelles Linear DNA Single or multicelled Fungi Circular DNA Single celled Plant Animal Protists Bacteria Archaea Classify as single or multi-celled, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, & kingdom Human Multi Eukaryotic Animal Cat Multi Eukaryotic Animal Bacteria Single Prokaryotic Bacteria Oak Tree Multi Eukaryotic Plant Gold Fish Multi Eukaryotic Animal Euglena Sinle Eukaryotic Protists Mushroom Multi Eukaryotic Fungi Fly Multi Eukaryotic Animal Snake Multi Eukaryotic Animal Paramecium Single Eukaryotic Protist Daffodil Multi Eukaryotic Plant Cyanobacteria Single Eukaryotic Protist Virus None Kelp multi Eukaryotic protist Methods of Transport • Going in = nutrients, water, sugar, ions, amino acids, fats, oxygen • Going out = waste, carbon dioxide, proteins, sugar, hormones • Active Transport – Requires energy; uses transport protein • Passive transport – Does not require energy – Moves from high to low concentration – Wants to reach equilibrium Passive Transport • Diffusion • Osmosis – Movement of water from area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration (from hypotonic to hypertonic) • Hypotonic = lower solute concentration • Hypertonic = higher solute concentration • Facilitated Diffusion Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Mitosis 2 identical daughter cells Meiosis X 4 identical daughter cells X Chromosomes number halved X Chromosomes number maintained X 2 rounds of division One round of division X X Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction X X Genetic variation more likely Daughter cells identical to parent X X Daughter cells not identical to parent X Duplication of chromosomes occurs X Growth & maintenance X Produces gametes X X Genetics • Dominant Allele = fully expressed • Recessive Allele = only shows if dominant allele is absent • Homozygous = having 2 same allele • Heterozygous = having two different alleles • Phenotype = physical and physiological traits; what is expressed; what you see • Y = yellow; y = green Genotype Description Phenotype YY Yy yy Homozygous dominant Heterozygous Homozygous recessive yellow yellow green • A chicken and a rooster mate. The chicken has white feathers and the rooster has brown feathers. Brown is dominant, and white is recessive. Assuming the rooster is heterozygous, predict the frequency of each genotype and phenotype in their offspring. Flow of Energy in Ecosystem • Heterotrophs = obtain energy through food they eat • Autotrophs = obtain energy from the sun & soil • Producers = make own food using sun • Consumers = eats organisms – Primary consumer • Eats producer – Secondary consumer • eats consumer that eats producer • Food chain & food webs – Producers are at the beginning – Decomposers at the end Living Together • Mutualism – Both benefit – Ants & aphids • Commensalism – One benefits other is neither harmed nor helped – Birds & bison • Parasitism – One benefits other is harmed – Fungus on trees • Charles Darwin’s Natural Selection • Organsisms that are best adapted to environment are more likely to live long enough to produce offspring & pass on traits • Survival of the fittest • Adaptation – Structural = organism’s anatomy (wings on a bird) – Physiological = relating to internal body processes (antibiotic resistance) – Behavioral = how organism reacts & responds to environment (bird migration)