Transcript Cells - Mrs. GM Biology 200

Unit 5: Inside the Cell
Ch. 2:2 (pgs. 32-37)
Cell Parts & Their Jobs
Structure of Cells
• Are cells 3-D or 2-D?
• What shapes can cells be?
–Can cells change shape?
• What special features can cells have?
Sizes of Cells
• How big/small are
cells?
–What are some of
the smallest cells?
• bacteria
–What are some of
the largest cells?
• eggs
Why is there a limit to cell growth?
How can the
surface area to
volume ratio
be increased?
2 Main Types of Organisms
• Unicellular
Organisms
•Multicellular
Organisms
–How many
cells?
–How many
cells?
•How/where
are cell
processes
carried out?
•How/where are
cell processes
carried out?
–Examples?
–Examples?
Why can multicellular organisms
be big if there is a limit to cell size?
Two Major Types of Cells
• What are the two major types of cells?
– prokaryotes
– Eukaryotes (YOU-karyote!)
• What are the major similarities/differences
between the two types of cells?
– Similarities:
• both have cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, & ribosomes
– Differences:
• prokaryotes do NOT have a nucleus
or membrane-bound organelles.
• eukaryotes do!
• Examples?
Organization Within Eukaryotic Cells
• Why might cells need to be organized?
• How are they organized???
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
• plant & animal cells
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
*Cell (plasma) membrane
*Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
(envelope)
Nucleolus
*Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies (Apparatus)
Mitochondrion
Cytoskeleton
Vacuole
Lysosome
• plant cells
– Chloroplast
– *Cell wall
• animal cells
– *Cilia & flagella
– Centrioles
*Can also be found in prokaryotic cells
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
• Found in:
– prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells
• Functions:
– surrounds cell; creates
boundary between cell & its
environment
– acts as a gatekeeper
• “selectively permeable”
• Looks like:
– fence w/ gates (around cell)
Cytoplasm
• Found in:
– prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells
• Functions:
– organelles float in it
– some chemical reactions
• Looks like:
– Jell-o
Nuclear Membrane (Envelope)
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• Functions:
– surrounds nucleus;
creates boundary
between nucleus &
cytoplasm
– acts as a gatekeeper
• “selectively permeable”
• Looks like:
– fence w/ gates
(around nucleus)
Nucleus
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• Functions:
– controls cell’s activities
– contains DNA
• Looks like:
– an eyeball
Chromatin & Chromosomes:
Inside the Nucleus
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• Functions:
– genetic information
– instructions for cell’s
activities
• chromatin looks like:
– spaghetti
• chromosomes look like:
•X
Nucleolus: Inside
the Nucleus
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• Functions:
– makes RNA
(ribonucleic acid)
• Looks like:
– iris (colored part)
of eyeball
• Found in:
Ribosome
– prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells
• Functions:
– synthesizes (makes) proteins from amino acids
• Looks like:
– pepper (dots)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) &
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• Functions:
– transports (mostly) proteins
through cell
• SER looks like:
– bubble-letter “H”
• RER
– bubble-letter “H”
• with pepper (dots)
– ribosomes
Golgi Bodies (Apparatus)
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• Functions:
– packages, modifies
& exports proteins
within cell & out of cell
• Looks like:
– pancake stacks
• often w/ drips of syrup @ ends
Mitochondria
Mighty
Mitochondria
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• Functions:
– “power house” of the cell
• creates energy (ATP) through
cellular respiration
• Looks like:
– hot dog w/ mustard
Why is the inner
membrane highly
folded?
Cytoskeleton
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• Functions:
– gives cell shape & support
– move organelles
• Looks like:
– beams in a house
Vacuole
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• large vacuoles in plant cells
• small vacuoles in animals cells
• Functions:
– store water, food, waste
– maintain turgor pressure in plants
– maintain osmotic balance
• contractile vacuole
• Looks like:
– swimming pool
Paramecium
Lysosome animation
Lysosome
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• Primarily in animal cells
• Functions:
– contains digestive
enzymes:
• breakdown large food
molecules
• break down old, worn
out cell parts
• Looks like:
– stomach (w/ enzymes)
Chloroplast Cyclosis
Chloroplast
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• plants (& some protists)
• Functions:
– photosynthesis
• makes glucose & oxygen
• Looks like:
– green solar panels
Cell Wall
• Found in:
– prokaryotes
• Bacteria
– some eukaryotes
• plants
• algae
• fungi
• Functions:
– protection
– support
• Looks like:
– wall, box
Cilia
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells
• some animals
• some protozoans
• Functions:
– movement
– sometimes sensing
the environment
• Looks like:
– fringes on a dust-mop
• Found in:
Flagellum
– many prokaryotic cells
• bacteria
– some eukaryotic cells
• some animals
• some protozoans
• Functions:
– movement
– sometimes sensing
the environment
• Looks like:
– tail, whip
Centrioles
• Found in:
– eukaryotic cells only
• animals cells only
• Functions:
– help in cell division
(mitosis)
• Looks like:
– stacked logs
– salt & pepper shakers
Extras
• ID eukaryotic animal cell organelles:
http://www.wisconline.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11
604
• Cell Part ID interactive: http://www.wisconline.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP114
03
• Cell Organelles Game:
http://www.quia.com/mc/65947.html