Transcript Cell basics & structure

VII. Cell Parts
Dissecting the cell
Quick Definitions
1.
Homeostasis is the process of
maintaining the cell’s environment.
2.
Selective permeability is the process
where a cell allows some molecules into
the cell and not others.
A. Plasma Membrane
1.
2.
Cells must control the materials that enter
and leave.
The PM is the boundary between the cell
and it’s environment.
3. PM Structure
a)
PM is made of a phospholipid bilayer
i.
Two phospholipid layers
ii. Hydrophilic – “likes” water
iii. Hydrophobic – “afraid” of water
4. Transport across the PM
a)
b)
Fluid Mosaic Model
Transport Proteins
B. Cell Wall
1.
Structure = Rigid layer on the outside of
the cell membrane
a)
Think egg shell and membrane
2.
Function = cell support and protection
3.
Only in plants!
C. Cytoplasm
1.
Structure = Clear, jelly-like fluid that fills
the cell
a) Mostly water
2.
Function = Allows molecules to be
transported through the cell
Control Centers
The Nucleus, Ribosomes, and
Centrioles
D. Nucleus
1.
Structure: Two membrane layers
1. Nuclear pores allow RNA to exit nucleus
a) Nucleolus
i.
2.
Creates ribosomes
Function:
1. The nucleus contains
the genetic material for
the cell (called chromatin)
E. Ribosomes
1.
Structure = very small organelles
1. small dots
2. Found
a)
b)
2.
in the cytoplasm
on the ER
Function = makes proteins
F. Centrioles
1.
Structure: Small barrel shaped
organelles
a)
Made up of bunches of microtubules
2.
Function: Involved in cell division
3.
Found only in animal cells
Assembly, Transport
& Storage
Other organelles
F. Endoplasmic Reticulum
1.
Structure =
1. Rough ER
a)
Covered in
ribosomes
2. Smooth ER
►No
2.
ribosomes
Function = Where chemical reactions take
place in the cell.
G. Golgi Apparatus
1.
Structure = Flattened pancake-like layers
a) Uses Vesicles to move things
2.
Function = Sorts, packages and sends the
products of the ER
H. Vacuoles
1.
Structure = plastid
a)
2.
Plant cells have one large vacuole while animal cells
have many smaller vacuoles
Function = temporary storage of materials
I. Lysosomes
► Structure
► Function
= plastid
= contain digestive enzymes that
break apart cellular waste for re-use
Cellular Energy
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
I. Lysosomes
► Structure
► Function
= plastid
= contain digestive enzymes that
break apart cellular waste for re-use
K. Mitochondria
1.
Structure = Double membrane
a) Increased surface area
for reactions
2.
Function = Energy powerhouses for the
cell
Support & Locomotion
L. Cytoskeleton
1.
Interior network of
support in cells
2.
Criss-crossed web
of small “support
beams”
a) Microtubules
b) Microfilaments
M. Locomotion
1.
Cilia
a) Short hair-like projections that move in a
wave-like fashion
2.
Flagella
a) Long whip like “tails”
3.
Found only in unicellular organisms
Homework
► Organelle
Summary Sheet
► Flashcards