Transcript Cell Parts & Organelles

Cell Parts &
Organelles
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
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Semi-permeable
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Allows some things
in while keeping
others out
“Gate-keeper” of
the cell
Cytoskeleton
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Provides support, shape, strength for cell;
made of microtubules & microfilaments
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Microtubules-hollow tubes made of protein
Microfilaments-thin filaments of protein
Cytoplasm
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Jellylike substance inside the cell
Many cellular reactions take place in the
cytoplasm
Surrounds organelles and keeps them in
place
Organelles
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“mini-organs”
Membranebound parts of
cells
Nucleus
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“Control center” of the cell
Contains DNA
Chromatin
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DNA “tangles” in the
nucleus
Coils into
chromosomes during
cell division
chromatin
Nuclear envelope
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Membrane surrounding the nucleus
Contains holes (nuclear pores) that allow
RNA to leave nucleus
Nucleolus
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Makes
ribosomes
Found inside
nucleus
Centriole
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Microtubules which may aid in cell division
Only in animal cells
Located near nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(Rough ER)
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Transports proteins & other substances
throughout the cell
Has ribosomes on surface
Smooth ER
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Makes lipids & carbohydrates
No ribosomes
Ribosome
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Site of protein synthesis (protein-making)
Can be free-floating or attached to rough
ER
Golgi apparatus
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Collects, modifies, packages, & ships substances
made by the cell
Substances are packaged in vesicles (membranebound sacs)
Mitochondria
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“Powerhouse” of the cell
Site of cellular respiration
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Has folded inner membrane
(cristae)
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Generates ATP (energy) for cell
Increases surface area for
respiration
Have their own DNA
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One theory suggests that
mitochondria developed from
prokaryotic cells living inside
eukaryotic cells (created energy for
eukaryotes, gained protection from
eukaryotes)
Lysosome
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Contains digestive enzymes that destroy
worn out cell parts & materials
Also digest carbs, proteins, lipids
May play a role in human development
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ex. Destroy tissue to form spaces b/w fingers
Rarely found in plant cells
Also known as “suicide sacs”
Vacuole
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Fluid-filled sac that
stores food, water,
wastes, enzymes
Very large in plants
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Can take up to 70% of
space inside plant cells
Chloroplast
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Site of photosynthesis
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The process by which
plants make own food
Only in plant cells
Internal structure
contains “stacks of
pancakes” called grana
that increase surface area
for photosynthesis
Cell wall
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Rigid structure
surrounding cell
membrane that
provides support
Made of cellulose
Plant cells have (some
bacteria, too)
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Gives plant cells
square shape
Differences b/w plant & animal cells
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Cell wall in plants only
Chloroplasts in plants only
Centrioles in animals only
Much larger vacuole in plants
Rarely do plant cells have lysosomes
How many structures can you
identify?
How many structures can you
identify?