Transcript The Cell - delongscience

THE ANIMAL
CELL
A look at organelles (structures that carry
out specific activities in the cell)
Cell Membrane
• The outer
boundary of
cells that
regulates what
can enter and
what can
leave
• Nickname:
“Gate Keeper”
Cell Membrane Cont’d
• The cell membrane is
also known as the
plasma membrane or
the phospholipid
bilayer
http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/c/cell_membrane/heads.jpg
Cell Membrane Cont’d
Polar Heads (like water)
• It has polar
Non-Polar Tails (don’t like water)
(hydrophilic =
“water loving”)
phosphate heads
and non-polar
(hydrophobic =
“water fearing”)
fatty acid tails.
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/lipos.gif
Cytoplasm
• The interior of
the cell
Nucleus
• The nuclear
envelope is a
double
membrane that
separates the
nucleus from the
cytoplasm; it
contains pores
that allow certain
things to enter in
and out of the
nucleus
• The nucleolus is
the dense,
central region of
the nucleus that
contains RNA for
protein
manufacture
Nucleus Cont’d
http://universe-review.ca/I10-04-cellnucleus.jpg
• Control region of
the cell
• Contains
eukaryotic cells’
DNA
• Cells that have a
nucleus are called
eukaryotic cells,
while cells that
don’t are called
prokaryotic
Golgi Apparatus
• Packages
and
distributes
proteins out
of the cell
Flagella
• Long, whip-like
structures that
protrude from
the cell’s
surface and
help the cell
move
Ribosomes
• Where
proteins are
made
• Found in the
cytoplasm or
on the Rough
ER
Lysosomes
• Spherical
organelles
that contain
digestive
enzymes
(help break
things down)
• Nickname:
Garbage
Disposal
Lysosomes Cont’d
• Lysosomes are types of vesicles, or
small, membrane-bound sacs that
transport substances in cells
http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/images/ch1_lysosome.jpg
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
• Performs
many different
functions,
including
making lipids
and breaking
down toxins
• Has no
ribosomes on
its surface
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
• Helps
transport
proteins that
are made by
its ribosomes
• Has
ribosomes
studded on its
surface
Microtubules
• Hollow tubes
made of the
protein tubulin
that act as a
highway
system for the
transportation
of information
from the
nucleus to
other parts of
the cell
Microtubules Cont’d
• Microtubules are one
of three kinds of
cytoskeleton fibers
• The cytoskeleton
provides the internal
framework of the cell
http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/images/ch1_cytoskeleton.jpg
Mitochondria
• Produces
most of the
cell’s ATP
• Nickname:
Power House
of the Cell
Mitochondria Cont’d
• Each mitochondrion
has an outer and
inner membrane
• The inner membrane
has many folds
called cristae
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zool
ogy/AnimalPhysiology/Anatomy/AnimalCellStructur
e/Mitochondria/mitochondria.jpg
Labeling the Cell: Practice
Labeling the Cell: Answers
Cell Project Directions:
Directions for Cell Project:
•
You must create a model of a cell using any materials you would like. The cell should be 3-dimensional as much
as possible (particularly the organelles). If the whole cell is edible, you will gain 5 extra challenge points. To
receive full credit, your project must be colorful (include at least 4 different colored materials) and clearly resemble
a cell. You must demonstrate creativity in the types of materials chosen, and you MUST INCLUDE A KEY that
outlines what each material stands for (for example, jellybeans = ribosomes). In this key you must also include
an accurate function of each cell organelle (for example, ribosomes are the structure in which proteins are
made). Your cell and the key must be neat and complete, including each of the following organelles:
(1) Cell membrane
(2) Nucleus
(3) Cytoplasm
(4) Lysosomes
(5) Golgi apparatus
(6) Smooth ER
(7) Rough ER
(8) Microtubules
(9) Mitochondria
(10) Ribosomes
(11) Flagella
The project must be turned in ON TIME to receive full credit. DUE DATE: Tuesday, January 12
You may work with one partner if you choose.
Read the Rubric!
• Rubrics show exactly how you will be graded
(only a portion is being shown below)
Example Cell Projects:
Other Examples:
Don’t forget a key!
More Examples:
Example of a Good Key:
• Include not only
what the organelle
is being
represented by in
your project but
ALSO identify
each organelle’s
function!