Transcript Membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus that contains DNA

The CELL
All living things are made of cells.
 Cells are the basic unit of life
 Cells arise from pre-existing cells

Cells can only get so big
before volume exceeds the
surface area available to
get nutrients in and
wastes out
*How Big are My Cells Activity
 Prokaryote
vs Eukaryote
“Pro” Greek for before
ex. Processional, Prologue
 “Eu”
Greek for good
ex. Euphoria
Karyote = Nucleus
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryote –
Bacteria
No membrane-bound organelles,
DNA not contained in a nucleus
Prokaryote vs.
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
vs.
Eukaryote
Eukaryote –
Plants, Animals,
Fungi, and Protists
(everything
except bacteria)
Membrane-bound
organelles and a nucleus
that contains DNA
PRO = NO…nucleus
Eu = True….Nucleus
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Cell Membrane


Regulates what enters
and leaves the cell
Nearly invisible structure
that surrounds the cell
Made of
Phospolipid bilayer and
Proteins

ALL cells have it!
Phospholipid Bilayer
 Yellow head = hydrophillic
“water loving”
 Blue tail = hydrophobic
“water fearing”
3 kinds float around
in the cell membrane
1. Carrier/Channel
2. Marker
3. Receptor
Receptor
Protein
Marker
Protein
Channel
Protein




Regulate transport and
diffusion
Move specific molecules
through the cell membrane
Watch!
Diffusion is the process that
moves molecules from
HIGH concentration to
LOW concentration
Receptor
Protein
Marker
Protein
Channel
Protein




Identify the cell to other cells
Immune system uses these to
identify friend vs foreign cells
Unique like fingerprints
Important in organ
donations—donor and
recipient must be similar or
body will reject the organ
Receptor
Protein
Marker
Protein
Channel



Allow the cell to
receive instructions
Used in intercellular
communication
Ex. Hormone binds
to receptor and
causes receptor to
release a signal to
perform an action Receptor
Protein
Marker
Protein
Channel
Protein


Cell membrane can
engulf structures that
are too large to pass
through proteins.
Ex. Amoeba engulfs a
food particle

Watch And Watch!

Endo = In


Larger molecules
made in the cell can
be released through
the cell membrane
Exo = Out



Regulates ALL cell
activity
Control Center or
Headquarters of the cell
Contains a Nucleolus
which contains DNA


Fluid internal
environment
Consists primarily of
water, but also includes
salts, dissolved gas,
nutrients, and
organelles
1. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
2. Ribosomes
(dots on the ER)
3. Golgi Apparatus/Body
4. Lysosomes
2 Kinds
1.
Smooth ER
2.
Rough ER-ribosomes located on it
Transporting Materials
Is Primary function
Consist of a series of folded double membranes for
more surface area for reactions in the cell
Ex. Making lipids and proteins


Manufacture or
Synthesize proteins
for the Cell
Located on the
Rough ER
Packages
proteins for the body
and gets them ready
to ship to the
cytoplasm
Watch!

Digest food, worn
out organelles, and
viruses/bacteria


Called “suicide sacks”
because of powerful
digestive enzymes
Made by the Golgi
body

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts
Site of Cellular/Aerobic
Respiration which produces
ENERGY for cells in the
form of ATP
Cells have varying numbers
Ex. Skin cell = 100
Muscle/Nerve cell = 2000
WHY?

Site for
Photosynthesis


Trap sunlight and
convert it into
Glucose (sugar)
Contains chlorophyll

Cell Wall

Vacuole

Centrioles
 Gives plant cells a
rigid shape for
support
 NOT found in animal
cells
Why?
*Plants have both cell
wall and membrane


Storage of wastes
Get much larger in
plants with age

Function in Cell
Division in
Animal Cells
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Receptor
Protein
Marker
Protein
Channel
Protein
Nucleus
Endoplasmic
Chloroplast
Golgi Body
Reticulum








Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosome
Golgi
Apparatus/Body
Mitochondria







Chloroplast
Vacuole
Lysosome
Centriole
Marker Protein
Channel Protein
Receptor Protein
The organelles of a cell help it function similar to
how a school, city, or team functions.
Your Job: Choose a topic that you are familiar
with, and create 10 comparisons that relate to the
organelles of a cell.
 An example: A cell is like a city. The nucleus is
like city hall because they both store important
information and are in control.
Use your notes and coloring cell sheet for a list of
organelles in the cell. You may use the 3 proteins
located in the cell membrane, also.

You MUST make the 10 connections before
starting on the illustrations for this project, and
check them with Mrs. Jensen. Use the sentence
structure “The ____________ is like
____________ because they both….” to help
ensure your comparisons are correct and make
sense.
After your comparisons have been approved, you
may begin the poster/presentation which must
include a title, and a picture of the comparison item.
You must also have a picture for each of the
comparisons.
This project is worth 10 points.
Have Fun and be creative!
Our Skill Check over Organelles and
Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes will be on MONDAY, Oct. 27!
Introduction by Bill Nye
~ 8 minutes