Transcript 2-Inside-a-cell

Inside
Cells!
What do you
see when you
look at
yourself in
the mirror?
Skin, hair, eyes, teeth, muscles?
Let’s get a
closer look….
Under a microscope, (on
low power), your skin looks
like this:
But upon even closer look…
And closer still..
…and that’s just your skin!
ALL of you is made up of all
different kinds of cells.
muscle cells
heart cells
brain cells
Under a
microscope, you
can see these
cells.
Everything that is alive is
made of cells.
Cells were
named by the
English
scientist
Robert Hooke
(1635-1703)
Hooke discovered
the empty spaces
and “walls” when
looking at cork
under a
microscope.
These reminded
him of monks
“cells” and the
name stuck!
Other Scientists the
contributed to cell knowledge:
Schleiden – discovered that plants were
made up of cells.
Schwann – discovered that animals were
made up of cells.
Virchow – stated that all living things
come from other living things.
All contributed to the Cell Theory!
THE CELL THEORY
1.All living things are made of
cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of all
living things.
3. Cells can only be produced by
other living cells.
There are 2 main types of
cells:
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
(no true nucleus)
(has a nucleus)
Living things made out of just
one cell are called
SINGLE-CELLED
ORGANISMS
Living things made of more
than one cell are called
MULTICELLULAR
ORGANISMS
So what the heck is a cell?
If you remember…
Atoms and molecules make up all
matter.
Cells are
MUCH larger,
and they make
up all of life.
To understand how living
things work, you have to
know about cells.
Cells allow us to breathe,
grow, get energy from
our food, and even see!
Cells have
many parts
that help
carry out
life’s
functions.
There are two main
types of eukaryote cells
that we will talk about in
class.
Let’s start with the
animal cell…
Cell Membrane
The outer
covering of
an animal cell.
Cell Membrane
• Gives support to the cell. It
holds everything in!
2. Allows food to come in and
waste to go out through
openings called PORES
Nucleus
The large
round(ish) mass
in the cell.
Has a
membrane
around outside.
Nucleus
• The cell’s
control center.
• Directs all of
the cell’s
activities.
• Holds the DNA
for cell
reproduction
DNA is what causes you to
have the color hair, eyes, and
height that you have! (and a lot
of other things too)
Cytoplasm
The “empty”
space inside
the cell.
Made of a
thick, jellolike
substance.
All of the ORGANELLES (tiny
cell structures) float around in
the cytoplasm.
Mitochondria
The small
organelles with
an inner folded
membrane.
Mitochondria
The
“Powerhouses”
of the cell.
Mitochondria
•They digest
sugar molecules
and provide
energy for the
cell. •Then they give
off carbon
dioxide as
waste.
Ribosomes
Small, grainlike bodies
floating in the
cytoplasm.
Ribosomes produce
proteins…they are like little
protein factories
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A maze of
passageways in
the cell.
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Carries
proteins and
chemicals
around the
cell.
Golgi Bodies
A structure of
flattened sacs
and tubes.
Golgi Bodies
•Receives proteins from the
ER and SORTS and
DISTRIBUTES them to all
parts of the cell
Vacuoles
•Storage
organelles.
?
•Both
nutrients and
waste can be
stored here.
Lysosomes
•The cell’s
digesters.
They digest old cell parts and
recycle the usable materials.
Now for the plant cell…
They have everything
mentioned and 2 more…
Chloroplasts
Able to
convert
sunlight into
food (sugar).
This is where
photosynthesis
takes place
Cell Wall
Rigid support
surrounding
the cell
membrane to
keep the cell
stiff and firm.