Transcript Cells are the basic unit of life.

The Cell
You are
made of
trillions of
cell.
As we study
cells,
remember this
important
truth:
If your cells
aren’t happy,
YOU aren’t
going to be
happy!
The cell is
the basic unit
of life.
Cells are
classified
into two
main groups.
The first
group are
prokaryotic
cells.
Prokaryotic cells
do not have a
nucleus.
They have a
nucleoid
(resembles a
nucleus).
They are
very small
and simple
cells.
Prokaryotic
cells are
single-celled
organisms.
Some
examples of
prokaryotic
cells:
Bacteria
(Kingdom Monera)
Source: greenfacts.org
Prokaryotic cells
resemble the earliest
cells found on Earth.
Source: Discover West Tours, Australia
The second
group are
eukaryotic
cells.
Eukaryotic
cells are very
complex.
They are
much larger
than
prokaryote
cells.
Eukaryotes
can be either
single- or
multi-celled.
They also have
organelles
(little organs).
Examples
include:
Plant cells
Animal cells
How did we
learn about
the cell?
Robert Hooke
discovers the cell
in 1678
Robert Hooke(?)
Source: University of St.
Andrews
Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
Source: University of California
Paleontology Museum
Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
Greatly improved
the microscope
(1680).
Discovered
microorganisms.
Matthias
Schleiden
Plants are
made of cells
(1838).
Theodor
Schwann
Animals are
made of cells
(1839).
Rudolph
Virchow
Cells can only
come from
other living
cells.
Schleiden,
Schwann, and
Virchow’s work
lead to the
development of
cell theory.
Cell Theory
All living
things are
made of cells.
Cell Theory
Cells are the
basic unit of
life.
Cell Theory
Living cells
can only come
from other
living cells.
Structure
of the cell
A cell is
made of
organelles.
(Organelle –
“little organ.” )
Each
organelle has
a special
function that
keeps the cell
running.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the
brain of the cell.
It controls what
everything that
happens in a cell.
Cell Membrane
It is the gateway of
the cell.
It controls what
goes into and out
of the cell.
Cell Membrane
Controlling what
goes in and out of
the cell is called
Selective
Permeability.
Organelle
responsible for
digestion.
Lysosome
Contains enzymes
that help break
down chemicals
into forms that can
be used by the cell.
Organelles that
manufacture
Smooth ER
(Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Manufactures
lipids (fats) and
other products
needed by the cell.
Golgi Body
Manufactures
lysosomes.
Manufactures other
complex molecules
and packages them
in vesicles.
Nucleolus
Located in the
nucleus.
Responsible for
the manufacture
of ribosomes.
Ribosomes
Manufacture
proteins needs by
the cell.
Organelles that
provide power
Mitochondria
Takes nutrients
and provides
energy for the cell.
Organelles that
provide power and
are found only in
plant cells
Chloroplasts
The food producer
for the plant cell.
Takes water, CO2, and
sunlight to produce
sugar (food) and O2 as
a waste product.
Organelles that
provide power
support
Cell Membrane
Surrounds the cell
and helps
maintain the
shape of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Helps the cell keep
its shape and
protects the cell.
Cell organelles are
found in the
cytoplasm.
Cytoskeleton
Provides physical
structure to the
cell.
Organelles that
provide support
and are found only
in plant cells
Cell Wall
Stiff outer wall
that provides
support, structure,
and protection to
the plant cell.
Central Vacuole
A large vacuole in
the plant cell.
Provides extra
support and
structure to the
cell.
Organelles that
provide storage
Golgi Body
Stores molecules
necessary to make
lysosomes and
vesicles.
Lysosome
Stores enzymes
necessary to digest
food, breakdown
waste, and break
down old organelles
and dead cells.
Smooth ER
Stores steroids and
other chemicals
the cell will need
at a later time.
Vacuole
Storage bubbles
that can store food,
chemicals, and
water products.
Organelles that
provide power
transportation
Rough E.R.
Transports
ribosomes
(attached to the
rough E.R.) around
the cell.
Organelles that
provide waste
removal
Lysosome
Breaks down waste
products.
Called the “suicide
organelle” because
it destroys a dying
cell.
And that’s cell
basics.