Transcript What in the CELL?

What in the
CELL?
Who discovered cells?
• Robert Hooke was
the first to describe
cells
• He looked at cork
cells
Who else?
• Anton Von
Leeuwenhoek –
Danish curtain maker
whose hobby was to
make lenses.
• How did this increase
our knowledge of
cells?
AND?
• Mattias Schleiden –
concluded cells
made up plants
• Theodor Schwann –
concluded cells
made up animals
AND Lastly?
• Rudolph
Virchow
determined that
cells come from
other cells.
The Cell Theory
• The work of these men helped to
contribute to the modern-day cell
theory…
• All living cells are made of one or more cells
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in all organisms
• All cells arise from existing cells
Our knowledge of cells…
• Has increased with the use of
microscopes.
• Crude Lenses
• Compound Microscopes
• TEMs
• SEMs
Why?????
Task #1
• Go to www.geocities.com/jdaregelski
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Then click on Microbiology Home
Then WebMicroHome
Then WebMicro2001
Then Microscopes
And complete the questionnaire for this
website.
Cells Must Be Small
• Small cells are more
efficient than large cells.
• All substances entering
and leaving the cell must
cross the cell’s surface.
• Substances do not need
to travel as far to reach
the cell’s center.
All Cells Do What?
The ciliate Coleps feeding on decaying organic matter. x100.
All cells
carry out the
basic
metabolic
reactions
necessary
All Cells Grow and Repair
One human cell (egg)
when fertilized will
become over 100
trillion cells.
All Cells Are Sensitive
• Cells have the
ability to
respond to a
stimulus
Prokaryote Versus Eukaryote
• Get a sheet of paper…
• Fold it like a hamburger…
• Make a Venn Diagram…
– Label one flap - Prokaryote
– Label one flap – Both
– Label the last one - Eukaryote
• Take three minutes and
using pages 57 and 58 –
Write all of the pertinent
information regarding
these types of cells that
you can.
Organs in Cells?
• Cells have tiny organelles
within them that carry out
functions within the cell
much like the organs in
our bodies – such as our
heart, brain, lungs and
spleen!
Organelles you need to know
the function of…
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Nucleus
Cell Membrane•
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Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton •
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Ribosome
Smooth
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Endoplasmic
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Reticulum
Cell Wall
Flagellum
Cilia
Vesicle
Golgi
Apparatus
Lysosome
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Nucleolus
• Plastid
• Chromaplast
• Leucoplast
• Chloroplast
• Microfilaments
• Mitochondria
• Microtubule
Task #2
Your homework assignment - Due on ????
You will produce a travel brochure to attract visitors
to spend money to visit an animal or plant cell.
Think about the cell as a huge amusement park or
even a roadside attraction. The brochure must
describe at least 8 “attractions” (organelles or cell
processes) that will “delight and amaze” your
potential customers. Humor and creativity are
encouraged. Brochures are evaluated by accuracy of
organelle descriptions, design and creativity.
• Entice your visitors to take the next
exit and visit the “incredible!
Amazing! And unbelievable!”
sights of an animal or plant cell.
For example, visitors might want
to “visit the ribosomes, just outside
the nucleus and watch as proteins
are synthesized RIGHT BEFORE
YOUR VERY EYES!!!”. Be
Creative!!!
Task #3
• Using the Plant and Animal
Cell Foldable (provided by
Mrs. Regelski) – List all the
differences between plants
and animals.
The Cell Membrane
Structure
A changing picture
shows the process o
science
A fluid mosaic of
lipids, proteins,
carbohydrates
The Cell Membrane
Continued
• Membrane Function
• Selectively permeable – It allows
some substances to pass through
and does not allow others.
It’s Made of Lipids?
• Even well before scientists
could “see” the membrane,
they knew it was made of
lipids…..how did they
know that?
• They could measure that
lipids entered cells more
rapidly than substances that
were insoluble in lipids
Phospholipids?
A phosphate with two fatty acids
Fluid Mosaic Model
Receptor Protein
Cell Surface
Marker
Transport
Protein
Cholesterol
Phospholipid
Tail
Phospholipid
Head
Enzyme
Membrane Functions
Accepts
Or
Rejects
When the membrane
goes wrong!
The cells don’t stick together.
•Metastasis
They don’t recognize chalones.
They don’t respect each others’
space
•Tumor Growth
They go through a mutation