Transcript A Brief History of Tomorrow's Networks

A Brief History of
Tomorrow’s Networks
Invited Talk to the
Extreme Networking Workshop
San Diego Supercomputer Center, UCSD
La Jolla, CA
January 8, 2001
Larry Smarr
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD
Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology
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The Emerging Information Power Grid
A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer
• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime
• Broadband to the Home and Small Businesses
• Vast Increase in Internet End Points
– Embedded Processors
– Sensors and Actuators
– Information Appliances
• Highly Parallel Light Waves Through Fiber
• Emergence of a Planetary Computer
“The all optical fibersphere in the center finds its complement in
the wireless ethersphere on the edge of the network.”
--George Gilder
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UC San Diego and UC Irvine
California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology
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220 Faculty and Senior Researchers
Layered Structure
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New Funding Model (4 Years)
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Materials and Devices
Networked Infrastructure
Interfaces and Software
Strategic Applications
Policy
State $100M
Industry $140M
Private $30 M
Campus $30M
Federal $100-200M
Total $400-500M
One of Three Awarded
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Nanotechnology Will be
Essential for Photonics
VCSEL + Near-field polarizer :
Efficient polarization control,mode
stabilization, and heat management
Near-field coupling between pixels
in Form-birefringent CGH (FBCGH)
FBCGH possesses
dual-functionality
such as focusing
and beam steering
0.8
0.6
1.0
Reflectivity
TM 0th order efficiency
1.0
Near-field coupling
0.4
TE
TM
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
RCWA
Transparency Theory
0.0
0.2
1.3
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
Thickness ( mm)
0.80
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
Wavelength m
( m)
2.3
2.5
Micro polarizer
VCSEL
Information I/O through
surface wave, guided
wave,and optical fiber
from near-field edge and
surface coupling
FBCGH
Grating coupler
Fiber tip
Near-field
E-O coupler
+V
TM Efficiency
1.0
0.8
-V
Near-field E-O Modulator
+ micro-cavity
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
20
30
Angle (degree)
40
Composite nonlinear,
E-O, and artificial dielectric
materials control and
enhance near-field coupling
Source: Shaya Fainman, UCSD
Near-field E-O
modulator controls
optical properties
and near-field
micro-cavity
enhances the effect
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High-Port Count, Non-Blocking All-Optical
Switch With Nanosecond Switching Speed
Chiaro Networking
Source: Steve Wallach, SC00 Keynote
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Near Term Goal:
Build an International Lambda Grid
• Establish PACI High Performance Network
– SDSC to NCSA to PSC LambdaNet
• Link to:
– State Dark Fiber
– Metropolitan Optical Switched Networks
– Campus Optical Grids
– International Optical Research Networks
• NSF Fund Missing Dark Fiber Links For:
– Scientific Applications
– Network Research
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A Model of a Multiprotocol
Label Switching (MPLS) Network
• Can Nest Lambdas or Labels
• Can Mix Label Switching Routers
and Optical Cross-Connects
From: Yakov Rekhter, Cisco Fellow
See also www.ietf.org/html.charters/mpls-charter.html
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NATUREnet: North American Terabit Users
Research and Education Network Proposal
Working Draft…
Far East
Networks
CA*net4
CERN
SURFnet
Seattle
NTON
Portland
NYC
NTON
Far East
Networks
I-Wire
Los Angeles
San Diego
(SDSC)
Source: Tom DeFanti
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Building a Quantum Network Will
Require Three Important Advances
• The development of a robust means of creating,
storing and entangling quantum bits and using them
for transmission, synchronization and teleportation
• The development of the mathematical underpinnings
and algorithms necessary to implement quantum
protocols
• The development of a repeater for long distance
transmission with the minimum number of quantum
gates consistent with error free transmission
DARPA
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Mobile Internet will
Take Off This Year
800
Subscribers (millions)
Mobile
600
Internet
400
200
Mobile Internet
0
‘96
‘97
‘98
‘99
‘00
‘01
Source: Ericsson
‘02
‘03
Cal-(IT)2
The Wireless Internet will Transform
Computational Science and Engineering
• Teraflop Supercomputers Simulate in Dynamic 3D
• Evolving a System Requires Knowing the Initial State
• Add Wireless Sensors and Embedded Processors
– Give Detailed State Information
– Allows for Comparison of Simulation with Reality
• Critical Software Research Required
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Security
Robust Scalable Middleware
Effervescent Architectures
Mobile Code
Resource Discovery
Ad Hoc Networking
SensorNet Simulations
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The High Performance
Wireless Research and Education Network
NSF Funded
PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO
45mbps Duplex Backbone
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN
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Wireless Antennas Anchor
Network High Speed Backbone
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN
Source: Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
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Cal-(IT)2 Plans to Add Wireless Sensors
to the Southern High Tech Coast
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Adding Wireless Sensors
– Hydrological Cycle
– Monitor Pollution
– Identify Major
Sources
– Evaluate Cleanup
UCI
Newport
Beach
– Earthquakes
– Civil Infrastructure
– Realtime Traffic
– Link to GPS and
Vehicle Destination
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Build on NSF funded Net
– SDSC, SIO, SDSU
UCSD
Mission Bay
San Diego Bay
http://icemaps.des.ucdavis.edu
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The Wireless Internet Adds
Bio-Chemical-Physical Sensors to the Grid
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From Experiments to
Wireless Infrastructure
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Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
San Diego Supercomputer
Center
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Source: John Orcutt, SIO
Building on Pioneering Work
of Hans-Werner Braun &
Frank Vernon
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Bringing the Civil Infrastructure Online
New Bay Bridge Tower
with Lateral Shear Links
Wireless Sensor Arrays
Linked to Crisis Management
Control Rooms
Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.
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-TelescienceThe Brain Data Grid
Goal-Form a National Scale Testbed for Federating Large Databases
Using NIH High Field NMR Centers
Stanford
U. Of MN
NCRR Imaging
and Computing
Resources UCSD
Harvard
Cal Tech
Surface Web
SDSC
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Deep Web
UCLA
Duke
Cyber Infrastructure Linking Tele-instrumentation, Data
Intensive Computing, and Multi-scale Brain Databases.
Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD
Wireless “Pad”
Web Interface
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Augmented Reality Requires Overlaying
the Physical and Cyber Realities
Source: Virginia Tech/Univ. Illinois, MIT,
Univ Washington, UCSD
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Web Interface to Grid Computing
The NPACI GridPort Architecture
802.11b Wireless
Interactive Access to:
• State of Computer
• Job Status
• Application Codes
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Broadband Will Connect 30 Million Homes
and Small Businesses in Three Years
US Installed (Millions)
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DSL
Cable Modems
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PCs Always On
High Bandwidth Access
Corporate Drivers
– Ford Motor Co. is Buying
Home PCs for All its
Employees
– IBM Is Using SBC to
Supply 12,000 Employees
with Home DSL Internet
Connections
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Stage is Set for Explosion of
Internet Computing
– Tie PCs Together as
Virtual Megacomputer
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1997
1999
2001
Source: Kinetic Strategies Inc.,
Gilder Technology Report
Pioneer Consulting
2003
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Entropia’s Planetary Computer
Grew to a Teraflop in Only Two Years
The Great Mersenne Prime (2P-1) Search (GIMPS)
Found the First Million Digit Prime
www.entropia.com
Deployed in Over 80 Countries
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SETI@home Demonstrated that PC Internet
Computing Could Grow to Megacomputers
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Running on 500,000 PCs, ~1000 CPU Years per Day
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Over Half a Million CPU Years so far!
22 Teraflops sustained 24x7
Sophisticated Data & Signal Processing Analysis
Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope
Arecibo
Radio Telescope
Next StepAllen Telescope Array
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Companies Competing for Leadership
in Internet Computing
Intel Establishes
Peer-to-Peer Working Group
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Coming -- The Grid Physics Network
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Petabyte-scale computational environment for data intensive science
– CMS and Atlas Projects of the Large Hadron Collider
– Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
– Sloan Digital Sky Survey (200 million objects each with ~100 attributes)
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Paul Avery (Univ. of Florida) and Ian Foster (U. Chicago and ANL), Lead PIs
– Largest NSF Information Technology Research Grant
– 20 Institutions Involved
– $12 million over four years
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Can This Help Drive Extreme Networks?
www.griphyn.org
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Assembling the Planetary Grid
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Internet Provides Connectivity
Web Provides Hyperlinked Document System
Distributed Storage Moves from SAN to NAS
Peer-to-Peer Enables File Storing
Peer-to-Peer Computing Provides CPU Power
• Result--The Distributed Global Computer
– Storage everywhere
– Scalable computing power
– Wireless Interfaces Greatly Outnumber PCs
Cal-(IT)2
Why Will a Million Processor Computer
Be Different?
• Individual Processors Running at Gigaflops
– One Million Means a Collective Petaflops in early 2000s
– One Petaflops is Roughly a Human Brain-Second
– Morovec-Intelligent Robots and Mind Transferral
– Koza-Genetic Programming
– Kurzweil-The Age of Spiritual Machines
– Joy-Humans an Endangered Species?
• Will the Planetary Grid Become Self– Organizing
– Powered
– Aware?
Cal-(IT)2