Transcript Eukaryotic Cells & Organelles

Eukaryotic Cells & Organelles
Eukaryotic Cells
Divided Into Plant Cells & Animal Cells
Both of these have Organelles: structures
that enable the cell to live, grow, and
reproduce.
A Plant Cell
Plant Cell Organelles
•Cell Wall
•Cell Membrane
•Cytoplasm
•Nucleus
•Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Ribosomes
•Large Vacuole
•Mitochondria
•Chloroplasts & Other
Plastids
•Golgi Apparatus
(Complex)
An Animal Cell
Animal Cell Organelles:
•Cell Membrane
•Cytoplasm
•Nucleus
•Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Ribosomes
•Small Vacuoles
•Mitochondria
•Golgi Apparatus
(Complex)
•Lysosomes
Organelles
 What’s holding it all
together?
 Cell Wall
Found in plant and algae
cells
Made of cellulose
Provides strength and
support
Helps plants protect
themselves from too much
water entering or leaving
the cell
Has a defined shape (Boxlike)
Organelles
What’s Holding It All
Together? Cell Membrane
ALL cells are covered
by a cell membrane.

Its job is to :
 keep the cytoplasm
in
 allow waste out and
nutrients in
 interact with other
cells.

Made of phospholipid
bilayer.
 Hydrophobic: hate
water (tails)
 Hydrophilic: loves
water (heads)
How particles move
The cell may take large particle
Into the cell (Endocytosis)
Phagocytosis: Cell eating
Pinocytosis: Cell drinking
Out of the cell through (Exocytosis)
Organelles
Cell’s Information Station:
Nucleus
Largest and most visible
organelle in euK cell
Means “kernel” or “nut”
Stores DNA that has information
for making proteins.
Nucleolus
Makes Ribosomes
Small, round structure located inside the
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane (Envelope)
Controls what is allowed to enter or leave the nucleus
Thin membrane that surrounds & takes the shape of
the nucleus.
Nucleus, Nucleolus,
Nuclear Membrane
Protein Factory
Ribosomes:
Smallest, but most abundant organelle in
the cell
Present in all cells
Do not have a membrane covering
Serve as the protein building location
Cytolpasm
Present in all cells
Thick, clear, jelly-like fluid
Carries, holds, cushions, & helps protect other
organelles inside a cell
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
 Does not have
ribosomes, appears as a
smooth maze
 Makes lipids for use
in/out side the cell.
 Break down drugs and
other chemicals that
could damage the cell
 Internet resources
 Biologyabout.com
Rough Endoplasmic
 Has ribosomes, appears Reticulum
“bumpy”
 Helps make membranes
& other antibodies such
as insulin
 Located close to the
nucleus
 Internet resources
(Biologyabout.com)
Cell’s Power
Plant
Mitochondria:
Breaks down food molecules into ATP for
energy
Rod-Shaped, & Surrounded by two
membranes: the inner membrane has folds
where most of ATP is made
Need oxygen to work
Active cells like those in the liver and heart
have thousands of them
Cell’s Power
Plant
Chloroplasts:
Found in plant and algae cells
Make food (sugar) from sunlight
Have flattened membrane covered
sacs that look like coins that contain
chlorophyll which makes chloroplast
green
Chlorophyll traps sunlight to make
sugar through photosynthesis
Other Common Plastids
Chloroplasts: the most
commonly known of the
Plastids—Green in color
Chromoplasts: Allow storage
of pigments that give plants
colors other than green—red,
orange, etc.
Leucoplasts: Store starches &
lipids, give plants a white color
Endosymbiotic
theory
Where did they come from?
Scientist believe that mitochondria
and chloroplast began as proK and
were eaten by larger cells.
Evidence that supports this theory:
They are about the same size as
bacteria
They are surrounded by two
membranes
Cell’s Packaging Center
Golgi Complex:
Looks like flattened sacs & tubes, similar to
the ER but closer to the cell membrane
Takes in proteins & other materials from the
ER, packages them in vesicles, then sends
them to other parts of the cell or to other cells
Final products are enclosed in Golgi
membrane and then pinched off for transport
in vesicles.
Golgi Complex
Cell’s
Storage
Centers
EuK have membrane covered sacs called
vesicles.
Form either when…
Part of membrane pinches of ER or Golgi Complex
Cell membrane engulf something from outside the
cell.
Cell’s Storage Centers
Most plant cells have a large membrane covered
chamber called a vacuole.
It is used to store water, food, or other material
needed by the cell. Also holds waste until it can be
removed by the cell.
Animal cells also have
smaller vacuoles that
serve the same purpose
Lysosome
Waste Management
Bump into vesicles and secrete enzyme to digest
them.
Destroy damaged organelles and get rid of waste
Protects cell from foreign particles that enter the cell
by destroying them
Sometimes lysosome membranes break and the
enzymes kill the cell.
Tadpole-frog
Human webbed fingers.