Transcript CASA Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy
Dra. Sandra Cruz-Pol
ECE UPRM
Puerto Rico IP3 Test Bed
Off-the-Grid
Radars
are small
radars that
can be
deployed
within valleys
and rural
places with
no electricity
or internet
connection.
Wireless
communications
Energy
optimization
Distributed
MC&C
Network Reflectivity
Estimation algorithm
OTG site based on
Disaster
vulnerabilitdy model.
QPE
Outline
I.
II.
Renewable Energy in general
Solar-electric circuits
Basic principle of a Generator
Once upon a time …
Electricity => magnetism
• In 1820 Oersted discovered that a steady current
produces a magnetic field while teaching a
physics class.
D 

L H  dl  s  J  t   dS
Would magnetism would produce
electricity?
• 11 years later, and at the
same time, Mike Faraday
in London and Joe Henry
in New York discovered
that a time-varying
magnetic field would
produce an electric
current!
Vemf
d
 N
dt

L E  dl   t s B  dS
Faraday’s Law
How an electric Generator works?
B
 E  
t

 E  dl   t  B  dS
L
• http://www.wvic.com/how-genworks.htm
s
Many types of
Renewable Energy
Hydroelectric Power
• Converts water energy into electric energy
• Nikola Tesla invented the ac generator, and
implemented it at the Niagara Falls
Ocean-kinetic Energy
Ocean Thermal Energy
• Watch video
Biofuels
•
•
•
•
Hibiscus
Sugar Cane
Sea algae
Many others
Solar Thermal
• Focuses the heat of the sun on a point, where it
boils water. Vapor moves turbine that produces
energy.
Solar PV
• Solar panels directly
convert light into an
electric current.
Eco Urbana – Renewable Solutions
Water and Solar-electric system hidden on 2nd
floor.
Estimated Cost for a PV system w/o batteries
Elements (6 panels = 1050 W)
Cost
Panels ($785 each, $4.5/W)
$4,710
Inverter ~$1/W (1500 W)
$1,500
Installation ~$1.2/W
$1,260
Materials
$1,890
electrics et al.
~$1.8/W
TOTAL FIJO ~8.5/W
$9360 / 1050 W = 8.91 $/W
Credits: Dr. Agustín Irizarry-UPRM
$9,360
Wind Energy: Wind turbines convert wind
energy to electric energy
… if the wind blows.
Small windmill on the East of PR
Bornay Inclin 6000 W
($10,000+$2,000+$6,000+$5,000+2,000)=$25,000
$209/mo - 8%, 20 yrs, [10m height]
kWh/day
$/day
kWh/mo.
$/mo.
kWh/yr
$/yr
0.28 $/kWh
0.28 $/kWh
0.28 $/kWh
48.8
$13.7
1464
$411
3800
$4,932
produces $202/mo.
Dr. Agustín Irizarry, UPR-Mayagüez
Electricity
value
5%, 20 años
$62,276
What’s going on around the…?
 U.S. – larger producer of wind energy
 Germany - larger producer of solar energy
 Spain – leader in solar/wind for over 20 years
 Hawaii – in 2050, 70% renewable!
 Japan – leader in solar energy
 Colombia – 75%+ hydroelectric!
 Norway, Iceland, Brazil …
Finland – Spending $6 billion in 2006 to build
underground nuclear waste deposit from past 10
years. What’s the total cost?