Transcript CHAPTER 3 THE CELL

The Cell
Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?
Main Ideas from Chapter 7
• The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles)
• The Endosymbiont Theory explains how
eukaryotes evolved
• Organelles are structures with specialized
jobs; makes the cell more effiicient
Cell Booklet Table of Contents
Pg. 1 Cell Theory
Pg. 2 Cell Types
Pg. 3 Prokaryote vs.
Eukaryote diagrams
Pg. 4 Endosymbiont
Theory
Pg. 5 Cell Organelle
Graphic Organizer (pt 1)
Pg. 6 Animal Cell
Pg. 7 Plant Cell
Pg. 8 Cell Organelle Graphic
Organizer (pt2)
Pg. 9 All cells have…
Pg. 10 Phospholipid bilayer
Pg. 11 Compare/contrast chart
Pg. 12 Cells Flow chart
Cell Theory
What are the guiding principles
of all cells?
All cells must serve the same
characteristics of life as the
organism they make up.
p. 1
The Cell Theory
Concept #1
All living things are
made of cells
I.e. Cells are the building blocks from
which all organisms are made.
p. 1
The Cell Theory
Concept #2
Cells carry out the basic
functions of life
I.e. Reproduce, use energy, respond to
environment
p. 1
The Cell Theory
Concept #3
New cells arise from
pre-existing cells
I.e. Spontaneous generation is not
possible. Genetic material directs cell
reproduction.
Cell Diversity
How do the two cell types
compare and contrast?
Pro- (“early”) is simple.
Euk- (“true”) is more advanced.
p. 2
Cell Types
Prokaryotic Cells
• pro- “early” or before a nucleus
• have no nucleus nor other membrane-bound
organelles (e.g. bacteria)
Eukaryotic Cells
• eu- “true”, -kary “kernel” or nucleus
• have nucleus enclosed in membrane & other
membrane-bound organelles
p. 3
Use p. 192 in text to finish
Prokaryotic Cell (L) Compared to Eukaryotic Cell (R)
Cell Diversity
How are the two basic cell types
related?
Eukaryotes may have evolved from
prokaryotes.
p. 4
Endosymbiont
Theory
According to the
endosymbiont theory, a
symbiotic mutual
relationship involved one
prokaryotic cell living
inside of another.
Also on page 407 of textbook
Cell Diversity
How do plant and animal cells
compare and contrast?
Both are eukaryotes but there are
distinct differences!
PINK Page (p. 6 or 7):
Animal Cell
 Draw & label a picture
 Include all eukaryotic
organelles (see p 192)
 HIGHLIGHT the
lysosome, microtubules,
microfilaments,
centrioles
Cell Structure & Function:
Eukaryotic Plant cells have…
• Cell Wall - sits outside the cell
membrane to give support to plants.
• Chloroplasts – converts sun’s energy
into “food” (glucose).
• Chlorophyll - green pigment in
chloroplasts that captures sun’s energy
GREEN Page (p. 6 or 7):
Plant Cell
 Draw & label a picture
 Include all eukaryotic
organelles (use the same
labels used on animal
cell)
 HIGHLIGHT the
chloroplasts, cell wall,
and central vacuole (the
BIG one)
Homework
• Do pages 5, 8, 11, 12 (the handout inserts)
in your cell booklet
• Finish the Cell Booklet p. 9
Cell Diversity
How are cells alike?
Yes, all cells have the same basic
cell structures. They are…
Cell Structure & Function:
All cells have a…
Cell Membrane
• Controls what
enters & exits the
cell
Cell Structure & Function:
All cells have a…
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like
material
supports
organelles &
gives cell shape
Cell Structure & Function:
All cells have…
Ribosomes
• Site for proteins
synthesis (where
they are made in
the cell)
Cell Structure & Function:
All cells have…
DNA
• Genetic
code of
instructions
for making
proteins
p. 9
All cells have…
Cell membrane,
cytoplasm, ribosome
Draw & label picture
Describe its function
Location
Cell Diversity
How does the cell membrane
work like a bouncer at da club?
If the cell didn’t have a membrane,…
C
Pg. 10
Phospholipid
bilayer
B
D
Insert
handout 
A = phospholipid
A1 phosphor- “head” lets things through
A2 lipid “tails” keep things out
B = phospholipid bilayer (2 layers)
C = marker proteins (i.e. name tags)
D = channel proteins (let BIG stuff through
Cell Diversity
What would happen if cells were
missing other parts?
Know the function and how parts
work together in the cell
Cell Structure & Function:
Prokaryotic cells have…
•
•
•
•
•
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Flagellum
Flagellum
• Also made of
proteins
• Long, whip-like
projections that
move the cell
through fluid.
What if a cell didn’t
have this structure?
Cell Wall
• Provides additional
support and protection
• Located outside the
plasma membrane
• Allows molecules to pass
through (no selection)
• Plants, Fungi, and
Bacteria have this
What if a cell didn’t
have this structure?
Cell Structure & Function:
Eukaryotic cells have…
•
•
•
•
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleus &
nucleolus
• Centrioles
• Cytoskeleton
• Endoplasmic
reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Mitochondria
• Vacuoles
• Cilia / flagella
Cytoskeleton
Microfilament and Microtubules
• Provides structure
and support, like
poles of a tent
• NOT in “Pro”
cells
What if a cell didn’t
have this structure?
Mitochondria
• “Powerhouse” of the
cell - generates energy
for the cell
• Converts food particles
(in the form of sugars)
to energy
What if a cell didn’t
have this structure?
Mitochondria are made of lots of
membranes (inside & outside)
Cell Structure & Function:
Eukaryotic cells have…
• Lysosomes store digestive
enzymes that breakdown old
organelles and food
• Vacuole store materials like
water and food What if a cell didn’t
have this structure?
Cilia
• Also made of proteins
• Short, hair-like projections that work like
oars of a boat to move the cell
What if a cell didn’t
have this structure?
Cell Structure & Function:
Eukaryotic cells have…
• Nucleus - control center of the
cell that houses DNA
• Nucleolus – inside the nucleus;
makes ribosomes
What if a cell didn’t
have this structure?
Cell Structure & Function:
Eukaryotic cells have…
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Folded membrane suspended in the
cytoplasm near the nucleus.
• Acts like the “highway” of the cell
in that it transports proteins around
the cell.
What if a cell didn’t
have this structure?
Types:
1) Rough ER – area on ER where
ribosomes attach; Makes and
transport proteins.
2) Smooth ER – area where no
ribosomes are attached, makes lipids
(like phospholipids, for example),
and it transports proteins.
What if a cell didn’t
have this structure?
The Smooth (L) & Rough (R) Endoplasmic Reticulum
are located next to the nucleus
Cell Structure & Function:
Eukaryotic cells have…
Golgi Apparatus
• Packages and ships
proteins to other parts of
the cells or to the plasma
membrane for export
outside the cell.
• “Post-Office”, UPS or
FedEx of the cell.
What if a cell didn’t
have this structure?
Also on p. 192:find similarities & differences
Blue post-it
for
similarities
Yellow
post-it for
differences
Pg. 11
Compare &
Contrast
Cells
Info on page 199 of textbook
Insert
handout 
October
th
7
You need Venn
diagram handout
on front table
Use with info on page 192 of
textbook
Use this handout on
p11 of your cell

booklet to complete
Venn diagram
How do cells compare?
1
Nucleus
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi
apparatus
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Plant
Animal
1
5
6
2
DNA
Cell memb.
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
4
Prokaryotes
7
4
Cilia
5
Chloroplasts
2
3
3
Cell wall
6
Lysosome
Centriole
Cytoskeleton
7
Capsule
Flagella
Do Now:
How organelles work together
• How do the nucleus, ribosomes,
endoplasmic reticulum and golgi
apparatus work together?
• How do the lysosome, vacuole,
mitochondria and chloroplast work
together?
READING REVIEW
Or do VIRTUAL CELL MICROSCOPY PRE-LAB
1. Summarize the 3 parts of the cell theory.
2. List 3 characteristics that all cells share.
3. Differentiate between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
4. Identify a structure other than a cell wall or a
large vacuole that might be found in a plant
cell but not in an animal cell. Explain why the
animal would not have this structure.
5. Why must a muscle or sperm cell have more
mitochondria than a skin cell?