Transcript Chloroplasts Cell Wall

Cell Structure & Function
Cells
► All
living things on Earth are made of cells.
► Cells are the basic unit of structure &
function in living things.
► Living cells come only from other living
cells.
► Cells are so tiny you could fit more than a
million of them on a period at the end of a
sentence.
► You cannot see cells without a microscope.
Cells
► Cells
were named by Robert Hooke.
► 1st scientist to call spaces in cork cells he
observed under the microscope “cells.”
► Comes from the Latin word cella which
means “little rooms”.
► Unicellular: one cell – bacteria.
► Multicellular: many cells –humans have over
200 different types of cells (blood, bone,
skin) and an estimated 100 trillion total
cells.
How Cells Function
► Each
can take in nutrients, convert these
nutrients into energy, carry out specialized
jobs, and reproduce as necessary.
How Cells Work
►Each
cell stores its own set of
instructions for carrying out each of
these activities.
Structure of Cells
►Organelles:
small structures, or
“organs” within cells that perform a
specific function
What’s In a Cell?
► Read
the passage.
► As you answer the question, HIGHLIGHT
the part of the passage that gives evidence
for your answer.
► Bullet form answers are okay, but should be
detailed.
Functions of Organelles
► Each
organelle has a job to do to help the
cell function properly.
► Read about each of the organelles that
follow.
Organelles in Cells
► There
are many organelles in each cell.
► Plant cells have two extra organelles that
animal cells do not have.
Animal Cells:
Cell Membrane
► Cytoplasm
► Nucleus
► Nuclear Membrane
► Ribosomes
► Endoplasmic Reticulum
► Golgi Bodies
► Mitochondria
► Lysosomes
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Plant Cells:
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Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
► Outer
structure that surrounds the cell
► Supports & protects the cell
► Controls movement of materials in and out
of the cell
► Barrier between cell and its environment
Cytoplasm
► Cell’s
environment or inner space
► Made of mostly water
► Contains the organelles
► Site of most cell activity
Nucleus
► The
cell’s computer or brain
► Controls the cell activities
► Contains all the information the cell needs
to do specific jobs, grow, and divide
► Information is stored in DNA molecules
► Contains the nucleolus which makes
ribosomes
► Determines what proteins will be made
Nuclear Membrane
► Protects
and guards the nucleus
► Controls movement of materials in and
out of the nucleus
► Keeps the DNA inside the nucleus
► Allows other materials to pass in and out
of the nucleus
Ribosomes
► Makes
the proteins the cell needs to
survive and grow
► Produces the Protein which is the
Product of the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
► The
transportation system of the cell
► Carries material through cell
► Allows reactions to happen in the cell
► Where the ribosomes do their work
► Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it so
the proteins they make can be released
directly into the ER for transport
► Smooth ER collects things and contains
them
Golgi Bodies
► Packs
& carries the proteins
► Prepares the proteins for use or delivery
outside the cell
Mitochondria
► Cell’s
powerhouse or power generator
► Supplies the energy
► Breaks down sugar molecules into
energy
► Need oxygen to make energy and give
off carbon dioxide as waste
Lysosomes
► Cell’s
recyclers
► Breaks down larger food molecules into
smaller molecules
► Contains enzymes which break down the
proteins
► Digests old cell parts
Chloroplasts
► Plant
cells only
► Power generator for the plant
► Give plants their green color
► Uses energy from the sun to make food for
the plant through photosynthesis
Cell Wall
► Plant
cells only
► Made of cellulose
► Surrounds the cell membrane
► Gives plants their shape, structure, and
protection
► Allows H2O, O2, and CO2, to pass in and out
of the cell
Can you remember the
function of each?
Cut out the symbols and glue them
next to the correct cell part.
B.
A. Cell = City
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J.