Transcript QPA2 Review - TeacherWeb

Rocks, Minerals, Fossils, Energy, Weathering, Soil,
Erosion & Deposition

Naturally Occurring, Inorganic, Solid,
Crystalline Structure, Definite Chemical
Composition
1. color
2. Streak
3. luster
4. cleavage/fracture,
5. hardness
6. density
7. special properties (ex: – fluorescence, chemical
reaction, optical properties, taste, smell,
magnetism, radioactivity.)
Rocks Are solid,
found naturally,
and made of
minerals and other
materials.
*igneous – melting
and cooling
(intrusive/extrusive)
*metamorphic – heat
and pressure (foliated,
Nonfoliated)
*sedimentary –
erosion, deposition,
compaction &
cementation (clastic,
chemical, organic)
 The
rock cycle
SEDIMENTARY
IGNEOUS
IGNEOUS
Metamorphic
SEDIMENTARY
Metamorphic
Molds/Casts
 Petrified
 Trace
 Carbon
 ICE
 Amber
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* how Earth’s surface has changed,
* what the past climate and environment was like
* evidence of how life has changed over time.
Solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal,
nuclear, fossil fuels
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Renewable- Energy from sources that cannot be
used up, like solar energy.
Nonrenewable resources - Energy from sources that
can be used up like fossil fuels.
Coal, natural gas, petroleum/oil
They are cheap and easy to use
1.
2.
More expensive
Less practical

efforts made to reduce energy consumption
* turn off the lights when you’re out of the room
* take showers instead of baths.
* use recycled materials when possible
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Chemical: Breaks down rock
through chemical changes. (you can’t
put the pieces back together)
Mechanical: Physically breaks rock
down into smaller pieces.(you can
put the pieces back together)
Rate of Weathering
 Climate – faster in hot, wet climates.
 Rock Type and Composition –
dissolves with water, CO2, oxygen, etc.
 Surface Area - more surface showing
means more is exposed to weathering
and breaks down quicker.
5 Main causes:
 *Ice Wedging – cold climates allow ice to get into
cracks and expand.
 *Pressure – as pieces of rock are removed, pressure
is reduced – flaking in layers
 *Plant growth – roots get into cracks, grow and
expand
 *Abrasion – Particles carried by wind, water & ice
scrape off pieces.
 *Animal activity - animals burrow in ground
breaking apart rocks.
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*Water – dissolves minerals
*Oxidation –Oxygen mixes with metal to make
rust
*Weak acids - break down rock
* carbon dioxide
* acid in plant roots
* acid rain
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Soil covers the entire surface of Earth, takes a very long time to form, and is
considered a valuable natural resource. What is soil?
The top layer of the earth's
surface, consisting of rock and
mineral particles mixed with
organic matter
A
mixture of decayed organic
matter, decomposers, and
weathered rock.
* Contour plowing: Farmers plow fields along the
curves of a slope
* Crop rotation: Farmers plant different crops in a
field each year
* Terracing: Farmers cut level areas into the sides
of mountains
* Windbreaks: Trees are planted to block wind
and rain from crops
* water, ice,
wind,gravity,
Mr. Phillips,
*water – Caves, Valleys, Canyons,
*wind – sand dunes
•
The agents water, wind, and ice are no
longer working on the rock or they slow
down.
a. Running water : alluvial fan, delta
b. waves: sandbars,
c. wind: sand dune
e. Gravity: landslides