Transcript Particles of parent material

Tectonic plates
Types of tectonic plate
boundaries
• Convergent plate boundary
•
How are mountains formed?
• Divergent plate boundary
• Transform fault
Volcano’s and Tsumanis
play key roles in the earth’s
formation
Parent material
(rock)
Biological
weathering
(tree roots
and lichens)
Chemical
weathering
(water, acids,
and gases)
Physical
weathering
(wind, rain,
thermal expansion
and contraction,
water freezing)
Particles of parent material
Stepped Art
Fig. 14-6, p. 348
Pot holes
subsidence
14-2 How Are the Earth’s Rocks
Recycled?
 Concept 14-2 The three major types of rocks
found in the earth’s crust—sedimentary,
igneous, and metamorphic—are recycled very
slowly by the process of erosion, melting, and
metamorphism.
There Are Three Major Types of Rocks (1)
 Earth’s crust
• Composed of minerals and rocks
 Three broad classes of rocks, based on
formation
1. Sedimentary defined
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sandstone
Shale
Dolomite
Limestone
Lignite
Bituminous coal
There Are Three Major Types of Rocks (2)
2. Igneous
• Granite
• Lava rock
3. Metamorphic
• Anthracite
• Slate
• Marble
The Earth’s Rocks Are Recycled
Very Slowly
 Rock cycle
 Slowest of the earth’s cyclic processes
Erosion
Transportation
Weathering
Deposition
Igneous rock
Granite,
pumice,
basalt
Sedimentary rock
Sandstone,
limestone
Heat, pressure
Cooling
Heat, pressure,
stress
Magma
(molten rock)
Melting
Metamorphic rock
Slate, marble,
gneiss, quartzite
Fig. 14-13, p. 354
HOMEWORK DUE
WEDNESDAY
• Using the map provided in class, map the
plate boundaries if the world. PAGE 338
in the book will be a good aid. Please use
a different color to indicate each plate.
HOMEWORK THURSDAY
• For a 24 hour period, collect any throw
away items. That is items that you would
normally trash or recycle. YOU DO NOT
HAVE TO COLLECT FOOD SCRAPS.
QUICK REVIEW
• A. Asbestos B. Radon C. Lead
• D. Carbon monoxide E. Formaldehyde
1. Found in old plumbing pipes and fixtures
and some ceramic glasses
2. Fibers of this may cause lung disease
3. Emitted from manufactured building
materials and furniture
4. Odorless gas that is a natural decay of
uranium
Quick review
• 5. Which of the following natural events
would be most likely to contribute to the
cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere
• A. Earthquake
B. Volcanism
C. Hurricane
D. Tsunami
E. Monsoon
Quick Review
• 6. Ground level ozone in most major
United States cities results primarily from
• A. Burning coal
• B. Burning fuel for cooking
• C. Producing electric power
• D. Industrial emissions
• E. Motor vehicle exhaust
Quick review
• 7. Most municipal solid waste in the
United States is disposed of in
• A. The oceans
• B. Sanitary landfills
• C. Deep wells
• D. Ocean dumps
• E. Abandoned mines
Animation: Greenhouse effect
Fig. 19-E (2), p. 526
Montreal Protocol
Copenhagen amendment
• CFC’s known by their trade name Freon.
• Coolants in air conditioners and
refrigerators
• Propellants in aerosol cans
•
Rowland and Molina Nobel price in
chemistry.
Governments Can Enter into
International Climate
Negotiations: The Kyoto Protocol
• 1997: Treaty to slow climate change
• The Kyoto Protocol
– Reduce emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O by
2012 to levels of 1990
– Trading greenhouse gas emissions among
countries
– Not signed by the U.S
•Major climate models project all
of the following, except
1.a 2- to 4.5-degree
centigrade rise in earth's
mean surface temperature
by 2100
2.human responsibility for
the changes in
temperature
3.the falling of global sea
levels
4.global warming
occurring at a rapid rate
5.human activities playing
a greater role in this
century
•Prevention approaches to global warming include all of the following, except
1.Increase beef production to strengthen public health.
2.Reduce deforestation.
3.Switch to sustainable agriculture.
4.Slow population growth.
5.Improve energy efficiency.
•Which of the following companies, founded by Sam Walton, ordered the manufacturers of
its truck fleet to double the gas mileage by 2015?
1.Alcoa
2.Walmart
3.DuPont
4.General Electric
5.British Petroleum
•The effects of ozone depletion on humans includes all of the following, except
1.more cataracts
2.suppression of immune system
3.more brain cancers
4.worse sunburn
5.more skin cancers
•Waste that includes paper, food wastes, cans, bottles, yard waste, glass,
wood, and similar items is called
1.industrial solid waste
2.hazardous waste
3.municipal solid waste
4.toxic solid waste
5.ewaste
14-3 What Are Mineral Resources, and
what are their Environmental Effects?
 Concept 14-3A Some naturally occurring
materials in the earth’s crust can be extracted
and made into useful products in processes that
provide economic benefits and jobs.
 Concept 14-3B Extracting and using mineral
resources can disturb the land, erode soils,
produce large amounts of solid waste, and
pollute the air, water, and soil.
We Use a Variety of Nonrenewable
Mineral Resources
 Mineral resource
• Fossil fuels
• Metallic minerals
• Nonmetallic minerals
 Ore
• High-grade ore
• Low-grade ore
 Importance and examples of nonrenewable
metal and nonmetal mineral resources
relatives dressed the bodies for
burial with fresh clothes.
Officials said at least 45 people
were injured and an unspecified
number are unaccounted for.
Benedicto Giron of Guatemala's
disaster prevention network,
Conred, said lack of heavy
machinery was hampering
rescue efforts.
"What they most need now is