The Toolbox of Science
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Transcript The Toolbox of Science
Cell Chemistry
I can’t think of anything clever here...
What are we?
Basic human recipe
50l water (H,O)
16kg coal (C)
5kg of fireworks (K,N,C,S)
chalk (Ca,C)
matches (P)
salt (Na,Cl)
some metals (Fe, Mg, etc)
Basic Chemistry review
We have to start somewhere, so we might as
well start with…..(dramatic pause)
Elements!
Any substance that can not be broken down
into something simpler.
Atom
The smallest unit of an element.
» 1,102,000 ft²
Basic Chemistry review
So….If we take two or more elements and
we chemically combine them we form a..
Compound
Chemically combined elements.
Water..salt..etc
Basic Chemistry review
In much the same way the atom was the
smallest unit of an element…..
A molecule
The smallest unit of a compound.
Basic Chemistry review
In chemistry, organic does not mean
“without chemical herbicides or pesticides.”
In chemistry, organic refers to carbon.
Carbon containing compounds are called
Organic compounds
• Well…most of them anyway
• A great and common exception CO2
Basic Chemistry review
I’ll bet your not surprised to find out that….
Compounds that don’t contain carbon are
called inorganic compounds.
Proteins
Look at your neighbor……your basically
looking at:
Proteins
Large organic molecules
• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes
sulfur.
Proteins
I’m sure you’re getting used to this…….
Proteins are made of amino acids
Only about 20 different ones
• Alphabet example
Carbohydrates
Sugars and starches…..Pack’em in!
Carbohydrates
Energy rich organic compounds such as sugars
and starches
Made of CHO
Cell wall cellulose and some cell membranes
Lipids
Fats…..mmm tasty!
Lipids
Energy rich organic compounds such as fats,
oils and waxes.
Made of CHO
Handy for energy storage
Enzymes
Enzymes…
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
• Cracker Experiment
– allergies?
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids are very large molecules
Made of C,O,H,N,P
Contain the genetic instructions.
Two types:
DNA
In chromatin, inside the nucleus
RNA
in the cytoplasm
And now……..
About that Egg you’ve been messing with.
Function of the Cell Membrane
Remember all that stuff I said about doors
and holes……..
• Corn Starch and Iodine demo
Function of the Cell Membrane
The Cell Membrane is Selectively
Permeable
Some substances can pass…Some, can not.
Function of the Cell Membrane
There are 3 possible ways to get through the
cell membrane.
1) Diffusion
Moving from high concentration to low
concentration
• http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cells/diffusion.html
• Food color
Function of the Cell Membrane
There are 3 possible ways to get through the
cell membrane.
2) Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
• Sliced Potato Demo
Function of the Cell Membrane
There are 3 possible ways to get through the
cell membrane.
3) Active Transport
Moving materials through a cell membrane
using energy.