Transcript eoc practice questions

EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS
GOAL 2 -
Goal 2.01 - Compare and contrast
structure and functions of organic
molecules
1. What are the characteristics of
living things?
•
Made of cells, Have DNA, Grow and
develop, Respond to stimuli, Evolve,
Reproduce, Maintain homeostasis, Obtain
energy
2. 2 main elements that make up an
organic molecule?
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Carbon and Hydrogen
3. Name the 4 organic compounds
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•
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Carbohydrates,
Lipids,
Proteins,
Nucleic Acids
4. Monomer of nucleic acids
• Nucleotide
5. Monomer of lipids
• Glycerol and Three
Fatty Acids
6. Monomer of carbohydrates
• Monosaccharide
7. Monomer of proteins
•
Amino Acids hooked
together with Peptide
bonds
8. 3 parts of a nucleotide
• 5-carbon sugar,
phosphate group,
nitrogen base
9. Building blocks of organisms,
enzymes, last energy source, insulin
• Protein
10. Long-term energy storage,
protective coatings, hormones,
component of cell membrane
• Lipids
11. Quick energy, structure of cell
walls, fiber in diet
• Carbohydrates
12. Genetic material that codes for
the production of protein
• Nucleic Acids
13. Plants store glucose in the
polysaccharide
• Starch
14. Animals store glucose in the
polysaccharide
•
Glycogen
15. Plant cell walls are made of _____
and Fungi cell walls are made of ____.
•
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Cellulose
Chitin
16. Amino acids are held together by:
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Peptide Bonds
17. Complimentary base pairs in DNA
are held together by :
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Weak Hydrogen
Bonds
18. The suffix –ase indicates a ______
and –ose indicates a ________.
• Enzyme - Lactase
• Sugar - Lactose
19. 1:2:1 ratio is a____.
• Carbohydrate – ex. Glucose C6H12O6
20. Another name for a protein is a
• Polypeptide
21. Weak acid or base that absorbs
changes in pH
• Buffer
22. PH of 0-6.9 ______, pH of 7.0
is_____, pH of 7.1 to14 is_____.
• Acidic
• Neutral
• Basic
Goal 2.02 - Investigate and
describe the structure and
function of cells.
23. Cell type with a nucleoid region,
ribosomes, cell wall, cytoplasm and a
plasmid
• Prokaryote
24. Cell with membrane bound
organelles including the nucleus
• Eukaryote
25. Prokaryote Kingdoms
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Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
(collectively known as Monera)
26. Eukaryote kingdoms
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Protista,
Fungi,
Plantae,
Animalia
27. 2 organic compounds that make
up viruses
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Protein capsid
Nucleic Acids
28. Is a virus cellular?
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No, it must have a host to reproduce
29. Provides structure in bacteria,
fungi, and plants
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Cell wall
30. Maintains homeostasis in a cell by
allowing transport through it
• Cell Membrane
31. Aid in animal cell division
• Centrioles
32. Hair-like structures that work as
oars for movement
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Cilia
33. Whips for movement
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Flagella
34. Make proteins (including
enzymes)
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Ribosomes
35. Watery gel where metabolism
occurs
• Cytoplasm
36. Makes energy for eukaryotic cells
• Mitochondria
37. Cell part that turns inorganic
compounds into organic compounds
in plants (photosynthesis)
• Chloroplasts
38. Stores water, food, and waste
•
Vacuole
39. 3 organelles plant cells have that
animals do not
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•
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Chloroplast,
Cell Wall,
Large Central Vacuole
40. What two organic compounds
make up the cells membrane ?
• Lipids
• Proteins
41. Which molecule allows for
communication between cells?
• Proteins
42. Cell that has the protein
hemoglobin to carry oxygen ?
• Red Blood Cell
43. Cell that fights infection ?
• White Blood Cell
44. Cell that clots blood ?
•
Platelet
45. Cell that conducts electrical
impulses ?
•
Neuron
Goal 2.03 - Investigate and analyze
the cell as a living system and
transport
46. For transport to occur there must
be a ____?
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Concentration Gradient (difference in
concentration)
47. Transport in a cell occurs across
the _____?
• Cell Membrane (Plasma)
48. This is a picture of the ___?
• Cell or Plasma Membrane
49. Transport will continue until
__________ is reached
• Equilibrium
50. Transport that does not require
energy, moving from a high to low
gradient
• Passive Transport
51. Transport that requires energy
moving from low to high
• Active Transport
52. Draw arrows to show which way the
water will move. Label hypertonic,
hypotonic and isotonic.
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2 2
20 0
0
• Iso
2
0
1
0
hypo
2 4
0 0
hyper
53. A red blood cell in salt water will
• Lose mass and shrink
54. A red blood cell in fresh water will
• Gain mass and pop
55. The part of a plant cell that
prevents it popping in a
hypotonic solution is the _____.
• Cell Wall
56. The plant cell has high turgor
pressure (osmotic pressure) when
it is placed in ______ which ____.
• Water
• makes the vacuole full and pushes the cell
membrane tight to the cell wall
57. Low turgor pressure causes a
plant to _____ causing _______.
• wilt
• the vacuole to shrink and the cell membrane
pulls away from the cell wall.
58. The three types of passive
transport are
• diffusion,
• osmosis,
• facilitated diffusion
59. Active transport into the cell is
_____ and out of the cell is _____.
• endocytosis
– (pinocytosis and phagocytosis)
• exocytosis
60. Pumping sodium and potassium ions
across the membrane against the
concentration gradient is an example of
• active transport
61. Movement of oxygen out of water and
into the gills of fish or out of the
alveoli and into the capillaries of a
mammal are examples of ___.
• diffusion
62. Movement of water with the
concentration gradient is
called______.
• osmosis
63. Show which way the water will
move.
• Left to right
• causing an increase in water on the right and
a decrease of the water on the left.
64. Use the table to mark the hypo,
iso, or hypertonic
Solution Type
Change in mass
of potato
Iso, Hypo, Hyper
Distilled Water
+10.2
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10% Molasses
+6.3
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20% Molasses
+2.1
?
30% Molasses
-1.9
?
40% Molasses
-6.0
?
50% Molasses
-9.4
?
Infer where the isotonic solution would be on the graph.
25%
Goal 2.04 - Investigate and describe
the structure and function of enzymes
and explain their importance in
biological systems.
65. Organic catalyst that speeds up
chemical reactions without being
changed
• Enzyme
66. Part of the enzyme that is highly
specific is the _______________.
• Active Site, (Lock and Key Model)
67. Enzymes are _____ which are
made in the ______.
• Proteins
• Ribosome
68. What temperature does enzyme A
work best at? Enzyme B?
• A - 47ºC
• B – 78ºC)
69. What pH does enzyme 3 work best at?
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•
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3 works best at 10 (basic),
2 at 6 (acidic),
1 at 3 (very acidic)
1 & 2 best at4.5
2 & 3 at 7.5
70. Factors that impact enzyme
functioning are
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•
•
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pH,
temperature,
concentration of enzyme,
Amount of substrate present
71. In the wrong environment an
enzymes’ active site changes or
_____ causing it to no longer work.
• Denatures because the bond weakens
Goal 2.05 - Investigate and analyze
bioenergetic reactions.
72. All energy on Earth originates
from
• Sun
73. Organisms that can convert radiant
energy to chemical energy are called
• Autotrophs or Producers.
74. The process in which two inorganic
compounds are converted into
organic compounds is called
• Photosynthesis
75. Plants diffuse ________ in through
their stomata and _________ in
through their roots.
• CO2 (carbon dioxide)
• H2O (water)
76. In the _____(organelle) these raw
materials are converted into _______
an organic compound and ______
that diffuses out through the
stomata of the leaf.
• Chloroplast
• C6H12O6 (glucose)
• O2 (oxygen)
77. The chemical equation for
photosynthesis is
• 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
77. The ______ reaction requires the ______
in the thylakoids to absorb energy from
the sun to split water forming _______.
• light dependent
• Pigment
• O2 (oxygen)
78. The major pigment in
photosynthesis is
• chlorophyll
79. The _____ converts the carbon dioxide
into the chemical energy molecule
• Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction)
• C6H12O6
80. Draw a graph of increasing light
intensity verses photosynthetic rates.
81. The most effective colors of light in
photosynthesis are
• white which has the important colors red and
blue in it.
82. The least effective color is
• green
83. All organisms make energy by
• cellular respiration
84. The chemical equation for cellular
respiration is
• C6H12O6 + O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP
85. Which test tube are the bubbles
due to carbon dioxide?
• B
86. Which test tube are the bubbles
due to oxygen? C
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C
87. Which test tube would serve as a
control (standard of comparison)?
• A
88. Respiration in the presence of
oxygen is called _______ which
produces _____ ATP.
• aerobic respiration
• 36-38
89. Respiration that occurs without oxygen is
called ______ and only produces ____
ATP. This process is also called
_________.
• anaerobic respiration
• 2
• Fermentation
90. Fermentation that occurs in yeasts
making bread and alcohol is called
• alcoholic fermentation.
91. Fermentations that occurs in muscle
cells and makes cheese and yogurt is
• lactic acid fermentation.