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6 CHARACTERISTICS • Required for all living things: • Cells • DNA • Energy • Grow • Reproduce • Respond CELL THEORY • All cells come from cells. • Cells are the basic unit of all living things. • All living things are made of cells. CELLS • Cells are individual units (smallest living unit) surrounded by a membrane. • Specialized for the job it has. • Cells work together to make up organisms (you). DNA Our genetic code/ Blueprints for life. In ALL Cells. Specific match-up of 4 bases: G=C A=T DNA • CHROMATIN – Long strands of DNA ie: spaghetti QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • CHROMOSOME – Condensed DNA ie: macaroni QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed t o see t his pict ure. -anyone hungry? PROKARYOTIC • BACTERIA cell • Single-celled organisms • Reproduces asexually. • Can be +, -, or neutral. Usually spheres, rods or spirals. BACTERIA EUBACTERIA -most common -many varieties ARCHAEBACTERI A ie: yogurt, cheese ie: salt flats, depths of ocean, old faithful -rare, lives where nothing else can TYPES OF CELLS PROKARYOTIC -no membranecovered organelles. (DNA & ribosomes.) ie: bacteria EUKARYOTIC -has membranecovered organelles. ie: plant & animal EUKARYOTIC CELLS • Cells that have many parts inside to carry out different jobs. • Usually in multicelled organisms. COMPARE COMPARE AGAIN CELL PARTS -Separates from environment. -Allows certain things through. • Jell-substance between membrane & nucleus. • Cushions organelles. ORGANELLES..? • Organelles are parts of the cell that have special jobs to do within the cell. -similar to jobs that people have to run a city. • Organelles look different because of their specific job. LET’S GET STARTED… NUCLEUS -Boss; directs all w/in the cell. -holds DNA. -has nucleolus (mini-me) that makes ribosomes. RIBOSOMES • Small & many. • Non-membrane organelles. • Make proteins. • Made inside of nucleus. • Pro & Euk cells. E.R. • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Internal delivery system. • Tubes & passageways to deliver materials throughout the cell. • SMOOTH- deliver lipids • ROUGH- deliver proteins E.R. MITOCHONDRIA -Powerhouse; creates energy for cell. -double-membrane for surface area. GOLGI BODIES • External delivery service. • Package & deliver outside of cell. • VESICLESpinched off package. VACUOLE • STORAGE UNIT • 1 large in plants • Few small in some animal cells. REVIEW COMMON PARTS • Cell membrane-barrier • Nucleus- boss • Ribosomes- producer • E.R.- Internal delivery • Golgi Bodies- External delivery • Mitochondria- powerhouse. • Vacuole- storage. PLANT CELL ONLY CHLOROPLAST - creates food for cell. –Doublemembrane for surface area. PLANT CELL ONLY CELL WALL-gives structure & support. -nonliving -made of cellulose. ANIMAL CELL ONLY LYSOSOMEclean up crew –Gets rid of waste & dead parts. –Enzyme to break down particles.