Transcript Cell Membrane - Gorzycki Middle School

Cells
Scientists have discovered that there are
two different types of cells:
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus or other
organelles with membranes around them.
Bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic Cells
A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and other
organelles with membranes around them.
Animal, plant, fungi and protista cells are
eukaryotic.
Cell Structure
Of Eukaryotic Cells
Images, text and information found at:
http://www.vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cellmembrane.html
and google images.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is a structure
that forms the outer boundary of the
cell and allows only certain materials
to move into and out of the cell.
Food, oxygen and water move into
the cell through the membrane.
Waste products also leave through The cell membrane
allows only certain
the membrane.
materials to move in
and out of the cell
Cell Wall
The cell wall is a rigid structure
outside the cell membrane that
supports and protects the cell
(for plants, fungi, and some
protists and bacteria).
The cell wall is made of tough
cellulose fibers and other
materials made by the cell. Note:
fungal cell walls contain chitin
instead of cellulose.
Nucleus
The largest organelle in the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell is
usually the nucleus, a structure
that directs all the activities of
the cell.
The nucleus is like a manager
who directs everyday business
for a company and passes on
information to new cells. The
nucleus contains genetic
blueprints (Chromosomes) for
the operations of the cell.
The Manager,
Mr. Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the gel-like material
inside the cell membrane and
outside the nucleus.
Cytoplasm contains a large amount of
water and many chemicals and
structures that carry out the life
processes in the cell.
These structures that the cytoplasm
contains are called organelles. Cytoplasm is the gellike material inside
Unlike a gelatin dessert, however, the cell (but unlike
cytoplasm constantly moves or gelatin it does flow)
streams.
Mitochondria
Cells require a continuous supply
of energy.
Mitochondria are organelles where
food molecules are broken down
and energy is released. The
energy is then stored in other
molecules that can power cell
reactions easily.
Just as a power plant supplies
energy to a business,
mitochondria release energy for
the cell.
The
mitochondria
are where
energy is
released
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts contain a green
pigment called chlorophyll.
This is what makes plants
green.
Chloroplasts take in sunlight,
water and carbon dioxide to
make oxygen and sugar (a
form of food). This process
is called photosynthesis.
A plant's chloroplasts
convert light energy
into chemical energy
This photograph of elodea (a waterplant)
has many green dots visible within the
cells. These are the chloroplasts.
Vacuole
Remember the last vacation
you took? Your suitcase
temporarily stored your
clothes. Within a cell, a
vacuole fills a similar role
as a temporary storage
space for the cell.
Vacuoles store water, food,
pigments, waste or other
materials.
Vacuoles are large in plant
cells and small in animal
cells. Vacuoles can also be
found in fungi and protists.
Like your
suitcase, a
vacuole is a
temporary
storage
space for
the cell.
Chromosomes
• Packaged DNA in the
nucleus
• DNA is so long it needs to be
folded in a special manner in
order to fit inside the cell
nucleus
• The DNA is the instruction
manual for the organism,
controlling the actions of the
cells and passing information
from one generation to the
next (inheritance)
• This is similar to having
words organized in
sentences, paragraphs, and
chapters in a book