Transcript cell slide show 2015

Cells
Scientists have discovered that there are
two different types of cells:
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus or other
organelles with membranes around them.
Bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic Cells
A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and other
organelles with membranes around them.
Animal, plant, fungi and protista cells are
eukaryotic.
Cell Structure
Of Eukaryotic Cells
Images, text and information found at:
http://www.vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cellmembrane.html
and google images.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is a structure
that forms the outer boundary of the
cell and allows only certain materials
to move into and out of the cell.
Food, oxygen and water move into
the cell through the membrane.
Waste products also leave through The cell membrane
allows only certain
the membrane.
materials to move in
and out of the cell
Cell Wall
The cell wall is a rigid structure
outside the cell membrane that
supports and protects the cell
(for plants, fungi, and some
protists and bacteria).
The cell wall is made of tough
cellulose fibers and other
materials made by the cell. Note:
fungal cell walls contain chitin
instead of cellulose.
Nucleus
The largest organelle in the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell
is usually the nucleus, a
structure that directs all the
activities of the cell.
The nucleus is like a manager
who directs everyday
business for a company and
passes on information to new
cells. The nucleus contains
genetic blueprints
(Chromosomes) for the
operations of the cell.
The Manager,
Ms. Nucleus
http://hellogiggles.hellogiggles.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/26/2006_devil_wears_prada_007-500x347c.jpg
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the gel-like material
inside the cell membrane and
outside the nucleus.
Cytoplasm contains a large amount of
water and many chemicals and
structures that carry out the life
processes in the cell.
These structures that the cytoplasm
contains are called organelles. Cytoplasm is the gellike material inside
Unlike a gelatin dessert, however, the cell (but unlike
cytoplasm constantly moves or gelatin it does flow)
streams.
Mitochondria
Cells require a continuous supply
of energy.
Mitochondria are organelles where
food molecules are broken down
and energy is released. The
energy is then stored in other
molecules that can power cell
reactions easily.
Just as a power plant supplies
energy to a business,
mitochondria release energy for
the cell.
The
mitochondria
are where
energy is
released
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts contain a green
pigment called chlorophyll.
This is what makes plants
green.
Chloroplasts take in sunlight,
water and carbon dioxide to
make oxygen and sugar (a
form of food). This process
is called photosynthesis.
A plant's chloroplasts
convert light energy
into chemical energy
This photograph of elodea (a waterplant)
has many green dots visible within the
cells. These are the chloroplasts.
Vacuole
Remember the last vacation
you took? Your suitcase
temporarily stored your
clothes. Within a cell, a
vacuole fills a similar role
as a temporary storage
space for the cell.
Vacuoles store water, food,
pigments, waste or other
materials.
Vacuoles are large in plant
cells and small in animal
cells. Vacuoles can also be
found in fungi and protists.
Like your
suitcase, a
vacuole is a
temporary
storage
space for
the cell.
Chromosomes
• Packaged DNA in the
nucleus
• DNA is so long it needs to be
folded in a special manner in
order to fit inside the cell
nucleus
• The DNA is the instruction
manual for the organism,
controlling the actions of the
cells and passing information
from one generation to the
next (inheritance)
• This is similar to having
words organized in
sentences, paragraphs, and
chapters in a book
Lysosome
• Contain digestive
enzymes to break
down old organelles,
waste materials, and
proteins into their
basic parts.
• This is similar to a
recycling center that
will repurpose and
reuse the raw
materials.
https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2016/2226407589_d970030802.jpg
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Assists in the production, processing, and transport of
proteins and lipids in the cell.
This is like Amazon for the cell. If another part of the cell
needs a protein or lipid the ER has it and can get it delivered
in a matter of moments.
https://mikecanex.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/amazondrone.jpg
Golgi Body
• Packages and
transports lipids and
proteins out of the
cell in a membrane.
• This is similar to a
UPS store that will
package and
transport material
beyond the city.
• What can Golgi do
for you?
https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2016/2226407589_d970030802.jpg
Ribosomes
Make proteins by
putting together chains
of amino acids using
instructions encoded in
the cell’s DNA.
Ribosomes are protein
factories that use
instructions from the
nucleus to make
organelles and
structures for the cell.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsby
sector/industry/6232621/UK-carproduction-falls-31.5pc-as-fears-grow-overcar-scrappage-scheme.html
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein
filaments that gives
shape and support to
cells; also involved in cell
division and movement
This is the infrastructure
of the cell, you could
roughly equate this with
the bones inside you, or
the electrical and
plumbing grid with in a
city .
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skeleton_diagram.svg