Transcript Cells - Sophia

COMMON CELL TRAITS
 A cell is the basic unit of all living organisms.
Prokaryotic Cells
(Pro = before Karyotic = nucleus)
 cells without membrane-
bound structures
 No real nucleus, the DNA is
in the cytoplasm
 Examples: bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
(Eu= real karyotic = nucleus)
 cells with membrane-
bound structures
 Has a real nucleus
 EX: animals, plants,
fungi
Prokaryotic
vs
Eukaryotic Cells
(Pro = Before Eu= real Karyotic = nucleus)
Eukaryotes are larger
3 types of Eukaryotes
 Animals
 Plants
 Fungi
Plant Cells and Animal Cells
Plant Cells and Fungi Cells
Comparing Cells
Size
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Bacteria Small
Made of
Peptidoglycan
N0
No
Some bacteria
have a large
vacuole
Fungi
Big
Made of Chitin
Yes
No
Yes
Plant
Big
Made of Cellulose
Yes
Yes
Large
Animal
Big
No
Yes
No
Small or absent
COMPARING CELLS
 The size & shape of a cell
relates to its function.
Specialised Cells
You are expected to be able to recognise the following
specialised cells
 Root hair cells – absorption
 Xylem vessels – conduction (transport) and support
 Palisade Mesophyll – Photosynthesis
 Ciliated cells – in respiratory tract
 Muscle cells – contraction
 Red blood cells – transport
 Nerve Cells – Conduction of impulses
 Sperm & Egg cells - Reproduction
Root hair cell
 Absorbs minerals
and water from the
soil
 Large Surface area
Xylem Cells
 Transports water
and minerals from
roots to rest of
plant
 Dead cells: cell
walls form a tube
Palisade Mesophyll Cells
 Boxy shape to
pack as many cells
as possible at the
top of the leaf
Ciliated Cells
 Found in the
Airways
 Cilia move out
mucus
Muscle cells
 Long Cells
 Function is to
contract
 Many cells form a
regular pattern
 3 types (skeletal,
smooth, cardiac)
Red Blood Cells
 Transports
oxygen
 Large surface
area
 No Nucleus
Nerve Cells
 Long Axon to
transport
electrical
signals
Sperm Cells
 Sperm cells have a
tail (flagellum) for
swimming
Egg Cells
 Egg Cells are large
because they
contain food for
the developing
embryo
White Blood Cells
 White Blood
Cell destroys
germs
Brain Cells
 Brain Cells control
Cell structures
You are expected to be able to recognise the following
parts of a cell
 Cell surface membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Nucleus
 Vacuole
 (Mitochondria)
 Cell Wall
(plant cells only)
 Chloroplast (plant cells only
 Other structures are
Animal Cells
Cell (Surface) Membrane
 Outer covering, protective
layer
 Allows food, oxygen, &
water into the cell
 allows waste products out
of the cell.
Cytoplasm
 Jelly-like, inside cell
membrane
 constantly flows
Organelles
 The Cytoplasm
contains several
specialized structures
 They are called
organelles
Nucleus
 Controls all cell
activities
 Contains DNA
 Usually the largest
organelle
 It is the ‘brain’ of the cell
Mitochondria
 Organelles where
Respiration happens
 They are the ‘Power Plant’
of the cell
 Some muscle cells have
20,000 mitochondria
 1 Mitochondrion –
2 Mitochondria
VACUOLES
 Used for Food Storage
 Animal cells can have
more than 1 small
vacuole
 Plant Cells have 1 big
vacuole
PLANT CELLS
 Plant Cells have
all organelles
animal cells have
 And a few that
are only found in
plant cells
CELL WALL
 Protects the plant
cell
 Gives shape
 Made of Cellulose
CHLOROPLASTS
 Green
 make food by
Photosynthesis
 found only in plant
cells
CHLOROPHYLL
 A green pigment that gives
leaves & stems their color
 Captures sunlight energy
that for Photosynthesis to
produce Glucose
Animal Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Plant Cell
1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
3- Mitochondria
4- Ribosomes
5- Chloroplasts
6- Vacuoles
7- ER
8- Cell
Membrane
NAME THE ORGANELLE
a. Nucleus
c. Golgi body
b. Chloroplast
d. Mitochondria
FROM CELL TO ORGANISM
Cell
The basic unit of life
Tissue
Group of cells working together
Organ
Group of tissues working together
Organ System
Group of organs working together
Organism
Any living thing made of 1 or more cells