Transcript Periodic Table of Element

Periodic Table of
Element
Mrs. Clendenon
The Periodic Table
Name as many things as you can about what you remember
about the periodic table of elements
1
1
IA
1
H
Periodic Table
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
1.00797
2
3
Li
4
5
Be
B
6.939 9.0122
3
11
Na
12
Mg
19
K
20
Ca
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8
9
VIIIB
10
6
37
38
21
Sc
22
Ti
23
V
24
Cr
25
Mn
39
43
Sr
Mo
Tc
[99]
56
57
La
72
Hf
Nb
42
87.62 88.905 91.22 92.906 95.94
Ba
Zr
41
Rb
55
Y
40
85.47
Cs
73
Ta
74
W
75
Re
132.905 137.34 138.91 178.49 180.948 183.85 186.2
7
87
88
8
O
9
F
4.0026
10
Ne
11
IB
12
IIB
13
Al
14
Si
15
P
16
S
17
Cl
18
Ar
26.9815 28.086 30.9738 32.064 35.453 39.948
26
Fe
27
Co
28
Ni
39.102 40.08 44.956 47.90 50.942 51.996 54.9380 55.847 58.9332 58.71
5
7
N
He
10.811 12.0112 14.0067 15.9994 18.9984 20.179
22.9898 24.305
4
6
C
18
VIIIA
2
89
104
Fr
Ra
Ac
Ku
[223]
[226]
[227]
[260]
105
106
107
44
Ru
45
Rh
46
Pd
29
30
31
32
33
Ge
63.54
65.37
65.37
72.59 74.9216 78.96 79.909 83.80
47
48
49
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
52
Te
Br
36
Ga
51
Se
35
Zn
50
As
34
Cu
53
I
Kr
54
Xe
101.07 102.905 106.4 107.870 112.40 114.82 118.69 121.75 127.60 126.904 131.30
76
Os
190.2
108
77
Ir
78
Pt
79
Au
80
Hg
81
Tl
82
Pb
83
Bi
84
Po
192.2 195.09 196.967 200.59 204.37 207.19 208.980 [210]
109
85
86
At
Rn
[210]
[222]
http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html
Periodic Table:
It is arranged by metals, nonmetals and metalloids
1
IA
1
18
VIIIA
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8
9
VIIIB
Metals
10
11
IB
12
IIB
Nonmetals
Metals
How would you describe metals?
Metals are lustrous
(shiny), malleable, ductile,
and are good conductors
of heat and electricity.
They are mostly solids at
room temp.
Nonmetals – How would you
describe these?
Nonmetals are the
opposite.
They are dull, brittle,
nonconductors
(insulators).
Some are solid, but many
are gases, and Bromine is
a liquid.
Metalloids – How would you
describe these?
Metalloids, aka semi-metals
are just that.
They have characteristics of
both metals and nonmetals.
They are shiny but brittle.
And they are semiconductors.
Across the Periodic Table
Elements are arranged horizontally across the periodic table (rows 1-7), what is
this arrangement called?
Periods
These elements have the same number of valence shells. How many shells are in
period 2? 6?
Period 2 would have two shells, while period 6 would have 6.
1
IA
1
18
VIIIA
2
IIA
13
IIIA
2nd Period
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
4
5
6
7
6th Period
7
VIIB
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
IB
12
IIB
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
Down the Periodic Table
Elements are arranged vertically down the periodic table
(columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B), what are they called?
Family/Groups
What do these elements have in common?
Same number of valence electrons.
1
IA
1
18
VIIIA
Alkali Family:
1 e- in the valence shell
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
Halogen Family:
7 e- in the valence shell
17
VIIA
The roman numerals represent the number of valence electrons each
family have.
How many valence electrons are in the Alkali Earth Family?
1 valence electron
1
IA
1
18
VIIIA
Alkali Family:
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
IB
12
IIB
4
Halogen Family:
5
6
7
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
H
Li
1s1
1
1s22s1
3
Na
11
K
19
Rb
37
Cs
55
Fr
87
Do you notice any similarity in these
configurations of the alkali metals?
They all have 1 valence electron
1s22s22p63s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d10
5p66s1
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s
24f145d106p67s1
Valence electrons for Elements
Recall that the valence electrons for the
elements can be determined based on the
elements position on the periodic table. This
is based on the family/group they are found in
Infamous Families of the Periodic
Table
Name all 6 families.
Halogen
Noble Gas
Halogens
Alkali
Alkaline
(earth)
1
IA
1
18
VIIIA
2
IIA
13
IIIA
Transition Metals
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
IB
12
IIB
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
Trend in Atomic Radius
Atomic Radius:
The size of at atomic radius decrease the
closer the element are to the noble gases
(to the right).
The atomic radius increases as the
elements increase in the number of
periods (moving down).
Which atom is larger in size?
K or Kr? ___________
K
In or Rb ? ________
Rb
Periodic Table: electron behavior
The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their electrons
METALS
Alkali
Alkaline
Transition
These elements tend to
give up
e and form
CATIONS become +
METALLOID
These elements will
give up e- or accept e-
NON-METALS
Noble gas
Halogens
Halogens
These elements
tend to accept
e- and form
ANIONS
become negative
1
IA
1
18
VIIIA
2
IIA
13
IIIA
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
IB
12
IIB
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
Trends in Atomic and Ionic Size
Metals
Nonmetals
Group 1
Group 13
Group 17
e
e
Li+
Li
152
F
64
60
e
e
Na+
Na
95
e
e
136
e
Al3+
Al
143
F1-
50
Cl
Cl1-
99
186
181
e
e
K+
Br
K
227
133
Cations are smaller than parent atoms
114
Br-1195
Anions are larger than parent atoms
Trend in Electronegativity
Electronegativity:
•Electronegativity is a
measure of an atom’s
attraction for another
atom’s electrons.
•Elements with a high
electronegatvity (EN)
means it pulls the electron
towards itself strongly!
•Metals are electron givers
and have low EN while
nonmetals are electron
takers and have high EN.
•What about the noble
gases?
•They have no EN
because they have a full
outer electron orbital
Electronegativity
F
Cs
Which element has the highest EN?
Fluorine
Which element has the least EN?
Cesium
Electronegativity
1A
1
Period
2
3
4
5
6
7
8A
H
2.1
2A
3A
4A
5A
6A
7A
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.5
3.0
Na Mg
1.2
3B
4B
5B
6B
K
Ca Sc
Ti
V
Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.8
Rb Sr
Y
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
In
Sn Sb Te
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.7
1.7
1.8
Cs Ba
La*
Hf
Ta
W
Re Os
Ir
Pt Au Hg
Tl
Pb Bi
Po At
0.7
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.2
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.0
0.9
y
Fr
Ra Ac
0.7
0.9
1.1
8B
7B
1.5
1.8
2.2
1.8
1B
2B
0.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.4
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.4
2.1
* Lanthanides: 1.1 - 1.3
yActinides:
1.3 - 1.5
Hill, Petrucci, General Chemistry An Integrated Approach 2nd Edition, page 373
Below 1.0
2.0 - 2.4
1.0 - 1.4
2.5 - 2.9
1.5 - 1.9
3.0 - 4.0
2.8
I
2.5
2.2
Trend in Ionization Energy
Definition – amount energy needed to remove the
outer most electron
As you go down a group, the first IE decreases
because...The electron is further away from the
attraction of the nucleus, and
The larger the atom is, the easier its electrons
are to remove.
Trend from left to right – increases
Trend from top to bottom – decreases
First Ionization energy
He
Helium is a noble gas, the energy to
remove its outer valence electron will
be extremely high
Why does Lithium have a low IE?
Lithium would have a lower IE because
it has a larger atomic radius than H
H
Be
B
Li
Why do atoms steal electrons or give
them away?
Atoms behave in ways to try and
achieve a noble gas configuration.
Would Beryllium have a higher first or
second ionization energy level?
Second
Atomic number
Ionization Energy
F
N
o
b
l
e
G
a
s
Cs
Summary of Trend
Ionization Energy: Largest toward Fluorine
Electronegativity: Most favorable Fluorine
Atomic Radius: Largest toward SW corner of PT
Review Game
Round 1
White board
How many valence electrons does Krypton
have?
8
What is the family name of the group 2A
elements?
Alkaline Earth Metals
Name three characteristics of a metal.
Metals are lustrous (shiny), malleable, ductile,
and are good conductors of heat and
electricity.
They are mostly solids at room temp.
What is the family name of the group 8A
elements?
Nobel Gases
Draw the Lewis Dot structure for chlorine.
How many valence electrons does this
element have?
Ca 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
2
Where are metalloids located?
They are the elements touching the staircase.
What is the family name of the group 7A
elements?
Halogens
A vertical column ( ↓ ) of elements on the
periodic table may also be referred to as a:
Family or Groups
What is the family name of the group 1A
elements?
Alkaline metals
Describe three characteristics of a nonmetal.
Nonmetals are the opposite.
They are dull, brittle, nonconductors
(insulators).
Some are solid, but many are gases, and
Bromine is a liquid
Draw the lewis dot structure for Bromide.
A horizontal row ( → ) of elements on the
periodic table may also be referred to as a:
Period
Review Game
Round 2
clickers
Cations have a ______________ charge and
are ______________ than the atoms from
which they formed.
A. negative/larger
B. positive/smaller
C. positive/larger
D. negative/smaller
B
Given the representation of a chlorine
atom, which circle might represent an atom
of bromine?
A. Circle C
B. None of these
C. Circle D
D. Circle B
c
Of the following elements, which one would
have the largest radius?
A. Hydrogen (H)
B. Potassium (K)
C. Sodium (Na)
D. Cesium (Cs)
d
The elements with the smallest atomic radii are
found in the:
A. lower left-hand corner of the periodic table
B. lower right-hand corner of the periodic table
C. upper left-hand corner of the periodic table
D. upper right-hand corner of the periodic table
d
Anions have a ______________ charge and
are ______________ than the atoms from
which they formed.
A. positive/smaller
B. negative/smaller
C. positive/larger
D. negative/larger
d
Of the following elements, which one would
have the largest ionization energy?
A. Hydrogen (H)
B. Potassium (K)
C. Cesium (Cs)
D. Sodium (Na)
a
The energy required to remove an electron
from an atom is known as:
A. electronegatvity
B. radioactivity
C. electron affinity
D. ionization energy
D
Given the representation of a chlorine
atom, which circle might represent an atom
of fluorine?
A. Circle C
B. None of these
C. Circle B
D. Circle D
b
The most active metals are located in the:
A. upper right hand corner of the periodic table
B. lower left hand corner of the periodic table
C. upper left hand corner of the periodic table
D. lower right hand corner of the periodic table
B
Of the following elements, which one would
have the smallest radius?
A. Bromine (Br)
B. Fluorine (F)
C. Chlorine (Cl)
D. Iodine (I)
B
As one moves down ( ↓ ) a group on the
periodic table, the ionization energy of the
elements encountered tends to:
A. stay the same
B. decrease
C. increase
B
Of the following elements, which one would
have the largest electronegativity energy?
A. Chlorine (Cl)
B. Fluorine (F)
C. Iodine (I)
D. Bromine (Br)
B
Of the following elements, which one would
have the largest radius?
A. Lithium (Li)
B. Nitrogen (N)
C. Boron (B)
D. Neon (Ne)
A
Given the representation of a chlorine atom, which
circle might a chloride ion, Cl-?
A. Circle C
B. Circle B
C. Circle D
D. None of these
D
As one moves from left to right ( → ) within a
period across the periodic table, the atomic
radius of the elements encountered tends to:
A. increase
B. stay the same
C. decrease
C
Which of these elements would have the
lowest first ionization energy?
A. Element D
B. Element C
C. Element A
D. Element B
A
The least electronegative elements are the:
A. Transition metals
B. Alkali metals
C. Halogens
D. Metalloids
B
As one moves from left to right ( → ) within a
period across the periodic table, the
ionization energy of the elements
encountered tends to:
A. decrease
B. increase
C. stay the same
B
The measure of the attraction that an atom has
for electrons involved in chemical bonds is
known as:
A. electron affinity
B. radioactivity
C. electronegatvity
D. ionization energy
C