Transcript Unit 5 Notes Page 1-2

Unit 5 Notes Page 1-2
January 2
Welcome back!
• Today:
– Today you will be able to:
• Describe the history of the periodic table
• Describe how elements are organized in the periodic
table
– Periodic Table Activity
– Notes
Historical Context
• The Periodic Table shows every known
element
• But it wasn’t always how it is today
Classical Elements, 450 BCE
• Funny:
“A Table of Chymicall and
Philosophicall Charecters”, 1670
Elements, John Dalton, 1608
Telluric Screw, 1862
Octaves, John Newlands, 1865
Periodic Table Activity
• ~30 minutes to complete
• Groups of 3-4 people
• Turn in:
– Lab sheet for EACH PERSON
– Set of cards for each GROUP
• Turn in before end of class today
• Keep cards nice, paper clip together and turn
in
Properties
Name
Symbol
Various Properties
~ Atomic Mass
• Some useful vocab:
– Allotropic – exists in more
than one form
– Metalloid – between a metal
and nonmetal
– Base – opposite of an acid
Periodic Table Activity
Elements will
fit in a square
8 across, 5
down
Ch. 5 - The Periodic Table
I. History
Mendeleev, 1869
Modern Periodic Table
Sheehan, 1976
Alternative Table:
“System Québécium”, 2002
Alternative Table:
Makeyev, 2011
As art: Elemental Garden
Rebecca Kamen, 2009
History of the Periodic Table
• Now it’s note-taking time!
A. Mendeleev
• Dmitri Mendeleev (1869, Russian)
– Organized elements by increasing
atomic mass
– Grouped known elements by their
properties
– Some discrepancies in placement:
• Iodine (127) after Tellurium (128)
A. Mendeleev
• Dmitri Mendeleev (1869, Russian)
– Predicted properties of undiscovered elements.
B. Moseley
• Henry Moseley (1913, British)
– Organized by increasing atomic number.
– Resolved discrepancies in Mendeleev’s
arrangement.
II. Organization of the
Elements
Review
• Period:
– Horizontal
• Group/Family:
– Vertical
A. Metallic Character
• Metals
• Nonmetals
• Metalloids
– Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium
(Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb),
Tellurium (Te)
B - Big
Si - Sized
Ge - Gerbils
As – Assure
Sb - Some Big
Te - Teasing
B. Blocks
•
•
•
•
s
p
d
f
Main group
C. Chemical Reactivity
• Families
– Similar valence e- within a group result in similar
properties
– They have similar valence configurations
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B. Chemical Reactivity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
•
•
•
•
•
•
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition metals
Inner transition metals
Halogens
Noble Gases*






s1
s2
d-block
f-block
s2p5
s2p6
Noble Gases
• Are unreactive due to their full valence
configurations
• S2p6 – cannot fit any more electrons in that
energy level