Transcript Chapter 5.1/5.2

Mendeleev
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First to try and organize elements
1869 published first periodic table
Knew about 70 elements at the time
Arranged according to similar
properties
• Arranged by increasing atomic mass
Chapter 5.1/5.2
Page 123
intro clip
Periodic Law
• The physical and chemical properties of
the elements are periodic functions of their
atomic masses.
• This law will be modified
• Predicted properties for unknown
elements.
• Ge, Sc, Ga
Mosley
• Periodic patterns fit better when the
elements are arranged by increasing
atomic number.
• Periodic Law – the physical and chemical
properties of the elements are periodic
functions of their atomic numbers.
• This is the law today.
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Noble Gases
• Discovered in 1894
• Non-reactive / stable
– Full outer valance level
– Full octet
– Full s and p sublevels
• Difficult to find because they are unreactive.
• Added a family to Mendeleev’s periodic
table
Lanthanides
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Early 1900’s
Pull out
Located on bottom of periodic table
F block
Actinides
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Radioactive
Pull out
Located at bottom of periodic table
F block
Periodicity
• Going down a family
• Atomic numbers follow a numerical pattern
• 8 - 8 -18 -18 -32
Review
• Families or groups are in vertical columns
• Periods or rows are horizontal rows
Blocks on the periodic table
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Families 1 and 2 – s block
Families 13-18 – p block
Families 2-12 – d block
Series lanthanide and actinide – f
block
s- block
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Family 1
Alkali Metals
Very reactive
Reactive with other elements
Never exist as a free element ( alone)
React with water
Soft
silvery
s- block
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Family 2
Alkaline earth metals
Found in crust of earth
Less reactive than family 1, but still very
reactive.
• Does not exist as a free element
• Harder/denser than family 1, but still soft
• Higher melting points than family 1
d block
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Metals
Less reactive or more stable
Many uses ( money, pipes, art, planes)
Exist as free elements, Cu, Au, Ag, Pt
Denser and harder than families 1 and 2
– Get more dense as you move to the right and
more hard as you move to the right
p-block
• Nonmetals, metals, metalloids
• Variety of properties
• Main group elements
– s and p blocks
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alkalki halogen noble.asx
p- block
• Halogens family 17
– Very reactive nonmetals
– Want one more electron
– Satisfy octet
• Noble gases family 18
– Stable as full s and p sublevels
– Has octet
• Metalloids
– 6 elements
– B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
Properties of p-block
• Difficult to make generalities due to the
variety of elements in the p block
• In-between s and d for hardness and
density
• Only free standing element is Bi.
• Usually found in compounds with other
elements
• summary clip
“Salts”
• Family 16 and 17 react with families 1 and
2 to form “salts”
• fun quiz!