Transcript Elements and the Periodic Table

Elements and the Periodic
Table
COLLEGE PREP EXPLORING SCIENCE
The Modern Periodic Table - Journal
1. What happens to properties
when you move from left to
right across the table?
2. What type of elements are in
yellow? In green? In blue?
3. What is an important fact
about the Actinide series?
The Modern Periodic Table
PROPERTIES ARE GROUPED BY COLUMNS
Example - Group (Family 1) – Alkali Metals
What is similar?
The Modern Periodic Table
HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY ELEMENTS?
2.
State: solid, liquid, gas
Natural & manmade: (91 of the first 92 are
natural)
3.
METALS, NONMETALS & METALLOIDS
1.
PROPERTIES
METALS
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
Mostly solid,
Good conductors of electricity and heat
METALLOIDS



All solids
Properties between metals and nonmetals
Known as ‘semi-conductors”
NONMETALS
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Solids, liquids and gases
Good insulators
The Modern Periodic Table
Classified by Properties
What happens to properties when you move from left to right across the
table?
ELEMENTS BECOME LESS METALLIC AND MORE NON-METALLIC
Representative Groups
Elements in a group have SIMILAR (not
identical) PROPERTIES because they have
the same number of valence electrons
Representative Groups
ALKALI METALS (group 1):
Single valence electron
 EXTREMELY REACTIVE
 Reactivity increases from
top to bottom

It is not a metal, but Hydrogen is
grouped here. Why?
Representative Groups
ALKALINE EARTH METALS (group 2):


TWO valence electrons
Less reactive than group 1
Representative Groups
BORON FAMILY (group 3A):

THREE valence electrons
FYI- Aluminum is the most
abundant metal in Earth’s crust

Representative Groups
CARBON FAMILY (group 4A):

FOUR valence electrons

FYI- Except for water, most
compounds in your body contain
Carbon.
Representative Groups
NITROGEN FAMILY (group 5A):

FIVE valence electrons

FYI- Nitrogen and Phosphorous are
used to make fertilizers.
Representative Groups
OXYGEN FAMILY (group 6A):

SIX valence electrons

FYI- Oxygen is the most abundant
nonmetal in Earth’s crust, and
Ozone is another form of oxygen.
Representative Groups
THE HALOGENS (group 7A):



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SEVEN valence electrons
EXTREMELY REACTIVE
Reactivity increases from bottom to
top
FYI- Halogen means “salt former”.
Representative Groups
THE NOBLE GASES (group 8A):



EIGHT valence electrons
INERT (don’t react easily)
FYI- make “neon” lights when a
current is passed thru them.
Journal
Color in the Periodic Table given to you and
color it in according to the following LIST.
1.
Use a different color for each of the items below.

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
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

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Metals
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
Halogens
Noble Gases
5.1 – Journal
1.
Check your Periodic Table