Transcript The Cell: Organelles and Functions

The Cell: Organelles and
Functions
Organelles
Membrane Bound Subunits that carry
out Specialized Functions
Cell Membrane
Form:
Proteins and
Phospholipids
Function:
Form for cell
Controls access
Cytoplasm
Water and
Dissolved
Substances
Nucleus
Form:
Nuclear envelope
surrounds
chromatin
Function:
Cellular “Command
Center”
Difference between
chromatin and
chromosomes?
Nucleolus
Specialized region
for producing
Ribosomes
Dense region
inside of nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Form:
Network of
Membrane-Lined
Channels
Function:
1. Transport of cellular
products
Processing of cellular
products
- Lipids to cell
membrane
- Proteins for export
Golgi Complex
Form
Membrane folds
outside of ER
Make
carbohydrates and
finish export
proteins
Ribosome
Form
Mesh of RNA and
protein
Lysosome
Form
Membrane-bound sack of enzymes
What is an enzyme?
Function:
Digest particles for food and protection
Mitochondria
Form
Double layer of
membrane with
wrinkled inside
Function
Makes ATP,
releases energy
from food
Chloroplast
Capture energy
from sunlight to
make simple
sugar and starch
Vacuole
YouTube MicroSafari Paramecium
Form:
Membrane bound
sacks
Function:
Consumption and
excretion
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
- protein: actin
- outside support of
cell
- “skin” of a
building
- allow for cell
movement
Microtubules
- protein: tubulin
- support inside of
cell
- “girders” of cell
support the inside
- movement of
things inside of cell
YouTube - Amoeba
under microscope
IV
Centrosome
Form:
Mass of protein
Function:
Generates
centrioles during
mitosis
Cilia and Flagella
Form:
“Hair” or “Whip-like” extensions from the
cell made of microtubules
Function:
Locomotion
Types of Cellular Life
Unicellular Life
Prokaryotes
- Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
- Single cell, widely distributed life
Unicellular Life
Protists
- Unicellular eukaryotic life
- Protozoans : Animal-like protists
- Algae : Plant-like protists
Cell Specialization and Multicellular
Organisms
Specialization increases efficiency
Use more energy = bigger body
Bigger body = higher survivability
Higher survivability = more surviving
offspring
Specialization In Cells
Organ Types and Organelles
Organism
Organ
Cell
Organelle
Levels of organization
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism