Transcript LS.3 Cellular Organization

LS.3 Cellular
Organization
The student will investigate and understand that
living things show patterns of cellular
organization.
LS.3 Cellular Organization, Functions &
Processes
• Cellular Organization
• Unicellular – only one cell carries out all work
• Multicellular- 2 or more cells share work
• Functions & Processes- shape of cell can show
you what its function is.
• Respiration
• Growth
• Cellular Transport
Shape & Function go Together!!!
• The Shape of a Cell can Tell
You What its Function Is!!!
4
Unicellular vs. Multicellular
• Unicellular
• Bacteria, Fungi, Protist= yeast, diatoms, archaebacteria
• Multicellular
• Animals, Plants, some Fungi, some Protist
Cellular Organization
• Cells
• Smallest part of every living thing
Cellular Organization
• Tissue
• Similar cells working together
• 4 major tissue types in animals
• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue
• Muscle tissue
• Nervous tissue
Cellular Organization
• Organ
• Groups of tissues working together to do a
specific job
• Ex.
• Heart, lungs, stomach
Cellular Organization
• Organ system
• Organs working together to do a specific job
• Examples:
• Digestive system
• Circulatory system
• Respiratory system
• Nervous system
• Muscular system
• Skeletal system
• Integumentary system (skin)
• Vascular system in plants
Cellular Organization
• Organism
• A living thing made up of organ systems
working together
• Examples:
•
•
•
•
A single person
A single plant
A single bacterium
A single protist
Cellular Organization
Place the levels of cellular organization in order from largest to
smallest.
HOW DOES OUR
BODY WORK
TOGETHER TO
CIRCULATE
BLOOD?
The HEART
(Organ)
HEART
TISSUES
HEART
CELLS
Organelles
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
Ex. Of Cellular Organization
Bone cells
Bone Tissue
Bone
Human
Skeletal System
GROUP CHALLENGE GAME!
• Who remembers the rules?
• RULES:
• Work as a team to answer the questions
• Keep your answers secret until time is called
• No talking while your answers are raised
• No cheering or booing
• Team with the most points wins!
• ARE YOU READY?
QUESTION 1
1. Which of the following is
a unicellular organism?
a. human
c. bacteria
b. lion
d. tree
QUESTION 2
2. The structure that regulates
what enters and leaves the cell is
called
a. the nucleus.
b. the nuclear membrane.
c. the cell wall.
d. the cell membrane.
QUESTION 3
3. Only eukaryotic cells have
a. DNA.
c. ribosomes.
b. membrane-bound organelles.
d. cytoplasm.
QUESTION 4
4. A structure within a cell that
performs a specific function is
called a(n)
a.organelle.
b.tissue.
c.organ tissue.
d.biocenter.
QUESTION 5
5. Which cell structure controls most
cell activities?
a. cytoplasm c. cell membrane
b. nucleus
d. chloroplast
QUESTION 6
6. Organisms composed of more
than one cell are called
____________.
a. unicellular
c. multicellular
b. virus
d. tissue
QUESTION 7
7. Which of these is a unicellular organism?
A
C
B
D
QUESTION 8
8. Multicellular organisms are made up of more
than one kind of cell because:
a. unicellular organisms can’t move so don’t need
lots of cells.
b. multicellular organisms are more complex than
unicellular organisms and need different cells for
different functions.
c. unicellular organisms don’t do all the seven things
living things do.
d. multicellular organisms don’t get energy.
QUESTION 9
9. Which of the following is the correct
order of organization of structures in
living things, from simplest to most
complex?
a. organ systems, organs, tissues, cells
b. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems
c. cells, tissues, organ systems, organs
d. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
QUESTION 10
10. Which of the following lists an
organism’s levels of cellular organization
in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST?
a. tissues, cells, organ systems, organs
b. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems
c. tissues, cells, organs, organ system
d. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
QUESTION 11
11. What is the name for a group
of cells that work together to
perform a certain task in an
organism?
a. tissue
c. species
b. organ
d. genius
Snapshot
1. Write cellular organization in order from
smallest to largest.
2. Tissues are made up of ___________.
3. The nervous system is made up of the
brain, which is a ____________.
Cellular Transport
• Moving things in and out of cell
• Water, nutrients, carbon dioxide
• 2 Types
• Passive
• Does not use energy
• Active
• Uses energy.
Passive Cellular Transport
• Passive Cellular Transport
• Transporting substances in and out of
the cell without using energy
• Diffusion– movement from areas of
high concentration to areas of low
concentration
• Lot to little
• Ex. O2, & CO2,
Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Semi-permeable
membrane is
permeable to water,
but not to sugar
Types of Diffusion
• Osmosis—Diffusion of water across
a membrane
ANALOGY: Tossing a Ball on a Hill
ENERGY NEEDED:
Active Transport
NO ENERGY NEEDED:
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
On your desk you need:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cell transport notes
Science binder
A pencil or pen
Cell transport foldable
homework
Snapshot
1. Diffusion is the movement of substances from ___.
2. The diffusion of water across a membrane is called
______________.
3. Cellular transport that does not require energy is called
_____________________.
4. Which way would the salt move in the cell below
Snapshot
1. Diffusion is the movement of substances from ___.
2. The diffusion of water across a membrane is called
______________.
3. Cellular transport that does not require energy is called
_____________________.
4. Which way would the salt move in the cell below
Cell Transport Vocabulary
• Using your notes:
• Describe the word
• Draw a picture that represents it
• Say what it reminds you of in real life
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cell transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
Cell membrane
Benchmark Review:
write one
question for each topic below that could
be asked on your benchmark test
• Ls.1
• Scientific Method & Measurement tools
• LS.2
• Cell theory
• Cell organelles
• What makes plant cells and animal cells different?
• The cell cycle
• LS.3
• Cellular Organization
• Cellular Transport
• Cell Processes
Functions & Processes:
Growth– getting bigger
Unicellular
• One cell increases
in size
• Ex. Bacterium
grows larger
Multicellular
• Multicellular –
increase in number
of cells
• Ex. Making more muscle
cells
Cellular Processes– Asexual
Reproduction
• Asexual- new organism (offspring) made from
one organism( identical to parent)
• Unicellular Organisms
• Cell divides to create new offspring by itself.
• Examples: Fission & Mitosis
• Multicellular
• Organism creates new offspring by itself
• Ex. Cell division & Budding–
• Organism grows off of parent
Cellular Processes– Sexual Reproduction
• Two organisms combine genetic material (DNA) to
create new offspring
• Half DNA of each parent.
• Ex. Unicellular Protist undergo Meiosis &
fertilization
• Ex. Apple tree being fertilized from pollen of a
different apple tree using Meiosis & Fertilization
Cellular Processes– Digestion
• Digestion– breaking food down into small
molecules & nutrients cells can absorb
• Ex.. H2O, C6H12O6 or Carbohydrates, Lipids,
Proteins, Nucleic acids
• Unicellular
• Use organelles to break down substances
• Multicellular uses organ systems to break
down substances
Digestion
Cellular Processes– Waste Removal
• Excretion- removal of waste products from an
organism or cell
• Unicellular
• Use organelles to remove substances
• Ex. Golgi Bodies & cell membrane
• Multicellular
• Uses organ systems to remove waste
• Ex. Breathing out CO2
Excretion
Cellular Processes Foldable
• Create a foldable with 5flaps
• Describe the process in your
words
• Draw a picture for each
Growth
Digestion
Excretion
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Cell
ular
Pro
ces
ses
Cellular Processes Group
Poster
• Within your group
• Create a poster on the cell process that your
group drew
•
•
•
•
Write a description
Draw a picture
Give an example using a real organism
Present the poster to the class– everyone in the
group must participate.
On your desk you need:
• Your snapshot
• LS.3 notes
• Cellular organization &
Cell processes
• A sharpened pencil
or a pen
• Cell processes
foldable
• Please, put your book bags on your chair or
under your feet.
Snapshot
Bacteria
Dog
1. Is it unicellular or
multicellular
2. Which kingdom(s) could
it belong to: __________
3. How does it grow?
1. Is it unicellular or
multicellular
2. Which kingdom(s) could
it belong to:
__________
3. How does it grow?
Snapshot
Bacteria
Dog
1. Is it unicellular or
multicellular
2. Which kingdom(s) could
it belong to: __________
3. How does it grow?
1. Is it unicellular or
multicellular
2. Which kingdom(s) could
it belong to:
__________
3. How does it grow?
Ingestion
• Taking substances
into the organism
• Unicellular
• Through the cell
membrane
• Cell transport
• Multicellular
• Through the mouth or
oral opening
• http://youtu.be/pvOz
4V699gk
Response to Stimulus
• Stimulus– something
that triggers a
response
• Ex. Sunlight or pain
• Response – a
reaction
• Ex. Movement
• All living things
respond to stimuli
Respiration:
• process cells use to break down food and
make energy
• All living things need energy
• occurs in mitochondria
• 2 Types
1. Aerobic
2. Anaerobic
1.
Aerobic Respiration
• w/ Oxygen (air)
• Combine oxygen (air) & glucose (sugar)
• Create water, carbon dioxide, & energy (ATP)
• Chemical Equation:
• 6O2 + C6H12O6  6H2O +6CO2+ ATP
• Best type of respiration
• Makes most energy
• Doesn’t hurt cells (water and CO2 )
2.
Anaerobic Respiration
• Without Air or Oxygen
• Also known as Fermentation
• Creates little bit of energy but hurts
organism
• End products = lactic acid, alcohol, &
carbon dioxide
• Ex. Muscle Cramps
Snapshot
1. What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
2. Where in the cell does photosynthesis take
place?
3. Which type of respiration is the best?
4. Respiration is used to create ________ for
living things.
5. Respiration occurs inside of the __________.
6. Write out the equation for respiration.
• Circle the reactants and draw a box around the
products.
Test Today Hooray!!!!
Review Notes!!
Vocabulary Terms– define the following
vocabulary terms following the example
given.
• Digestion
• Energy
• Excretion
• Growth
• Organ
• Photosynthesis
• Reproduction
• Respiration
• System
• Tissue
• Osmosis
• Diffusion
• Active transport
Journal:
• Which part of LS.3 do you understand
the most? Which part of LS.3 still
confuses you? Why do you feel that
way? What do you think could help
you?