Transcript 4-2 Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell

4-2 Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell
A.Cell membrane
B. Organelles
A.Cell membrane
Controls the ease
with which
substances cross the
membrane
Selectively
permeable
*Some substances
can pass easily and
others cannot
Structure depends
on its function
*Made up of lipids
(fats) and proteins
1. Membrane Lipids
*Phospholipids make
up the cell
membrane.
*Lipid bilayer contains
hydrophobic tail and
hydrophilic head.
2. Membrane Proteins and Carbohydrates
Peripheral proteins
*Attach to surface of cell
membrane.
*On interior and exterior
of cell.
Integral proteins
*Embedded in cell
membrane.
Membrane Proteins
 Both types of proteins form
channels for nutrients to travel and
also give cell its selectively permeable
status.
Both the lipids and the proteins help
in structure and support of the cell.
B. Organelles
 One of several formed
bodies with a specialized
function that is
suspended in the
cytoplasm and found in
eukaryotic cells.
All organelles are
membrane bound except
one.
B. Organelles
 Cytoplasm is the area
between the nucleus and cell
membrane which is made of
a gelatin like substance
called cytosol. It contains
salts, minerals, and organic
molecules (nutrients).
We will look at 12 different
organelles and their functions
within the cell.
MR. GLEN went to the CCF to get some PVC
1. Mitochondria
Transfer energy
from organic
compounds to
ATP, which is
energy that the
cell can use.
2. Ribosome
Not membrane
bound. Functions
in protein
synthesis and
important in
synthesis of RNA
3. Golgi apparatus
Processes and
packages
substances
produced by the
cell.
4. Lysosome
*Stores enzymes.
Digests molecules,
old organelles and
foreign substances.
Similar to a vacuole
in a plant.
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Two types, rough and
smooth. The rough
endoplasmic
reticulum exports
proteins and the
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum breaks
down toxic
substances, and
synthesizes steroids.
6. Nucleus
Stores
hereditary
information in
DNA and
synthesizes
RNA.
7. Cytoskeleton
Support, movement
and division of cell.
Made up of
microfilaments and
microtubules. Both
are made of
proteins.
8. Cilia
Hairlike. Propels
cell through its
environment.
More than
flagella and
shorter.
9. Flagella
Move materials
over cell
surface. Also
hairlike. Usually
just a couple.
The last three are only found in plants.
10. Plastid
Like
chloroplast,
stores food or
pigments.
11. Vacuole
Stores
enzymes and
waste products.
Similar to
lysosome in an
animal cell.
12. Cell wall
Supports and
protects cells.