Transcript Cell Theory and Cell Partsx

Cells In Living Things Unit
Cell Theory’s 3 Parts
1. All living things are composed of cells.
2.Cells are the basic units of structure and
function.
3.New cells are produced from existing cells.
Scheildan, Schwann,and Virchow
Basic Cell Structure
•
There are many differences between cells.
Cells have different shapes & functions
• ALL cells have the following:
cell membrane & cytoplasm
Stem Cells
2 Types of Cells
• Prokaryotes
• Usually smaller
• Have cell membrane and
cytoplasm
• No nuclei (nucleus)
• Ex. All bacteria
E. Coli
• No membrane bound
organelles
E coli
Salmonella
2 Types of Cells
• Eukaryotes
• Usually bigger
• Have cell membrane
and cytoplasm
• Do contain a nuclei
(nucleus)
• Ex. Animals, humans &
plants
• Have membrane bound
organelles
Eukaryotic Cells
What types of cells are these?
3 Types of Cell Movement
• Flagellum
Long whip-like structure that is used for
movement.
Ex. sperm
3 Types of Cell Movement
• CiliumShort hair-like projections, that are used
for movement.
3 Types of Cell Movement
• Pseudopods
Temporary projections of cytoplasm
Ex. Amoebas
Cilia? Flagellum? Or Psuedopods?
Cell Organelles
(Mini “organs” inside a cell)
• Cytoplasm
Gel-like substance
Ex. Fruit + Jell-O
Organelles Cytoplasm
Cell Parts
• Nucleus = “Brain” Control Center
Cell Parts
• Cell Membrane = “Skin”
All cells are surrounded by a cell
membrane.
A thin layer of lipid & protein that
separatesthe cells contents from
the outside environment.
• Made up of a phospholipid bilayer
• Head = hydrophilic = water loving
• Tail = hydrophobic = water hating
Cell Parts
• Cell Wall –
• Provides support and
protection for PLANT
cells
• Only in plant cells
• Chloroplast –
Organelle that captures
the energy from sunlight and converts it
into chemical energy
• Found in plant cells
only
Cell Parts
• Centriole –
Helps organize cell
division
/reproduction
• Vacuole –
Sac-like structures
which store materials
such as H2O, salt, and
other organic
molecules
Larger vacuoles =
plants
Smaller vacuoles =
animals
Cell Parts
• Mitochondria –
Power house of cell
Converts chemical energy
from food into compounds
easier for the cell to use
ATP
(adenine triphosphate)
• Ribosomes –
Makes proteins
Located in the cytoplasm
“free”
Also located on the RER
2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• “ER” / “SER –
Smooth = no ribosomes
Makes lipids &
carbohydrates
Makes poisons, waste &
other
toxic chemical harmless
Helps transport materials
through the cell
2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough
Endoplasmic
• Reticulum “RER” –
Rough =
ribosomes
Makes proteins &
modifies proteins
Cell Parts
• Lysosomes –
Food particles are digested by enzymes
Old organelles are decomposed
Old organelles go through absorption
(meaning they are absorbed into the cell to
be recycled.)
Filled with enzymes
Cell Parts
• Golgi Apparatus / Golgi Complex –
Made proteins are sent to their final destinations or out
of the cell