Transcript Tour of the cell PPT File

Make another Bellringer page after
your surface area
tutorial.
1. Where are the instructions to make proteins
kept?
2. Where are proteins assembled?
3. Where do these proteins go once they are
made?
Let’s take a tour of the cell!
Be in awe of my photoshop skillz
REMEMBER, cells have tiny organs inside them
called organelles.
Each organelle, just like the organs in your body,
have a specific job they carry out for the cell’s
survival.
Also, REMEMBER some organelles have a
membrane around them.
What are they called?
nucleus
mitochondria
While other organelles do not have a protective layer.
ribosome
Genetic Material
The master set of directions for making proteins
(making you) is contained in DNA.
Prokaryotic cells only have one long circular strand
of DNA
Eukaryotic cells have different amounts of DNA
(depending on what type of organism it is).
Control Center: In prokaryotes- DNA floats in an area called the nucleoid (no membrane)
In eukaryotes- DNA is enclosed by the nucleus (membrane bound)
Cell Control Center
Nucleus
Function: DNA storage and site of DNA replication
Within the nucleus is a prominent organelle called
the nucleolus that makes ribosomes for the
eukaryotic cell.
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Function:
Rough- site for bound
ribosomes, compartmentalizes
the cell, involved intra-cellular
transport.
Smooth- site of lipid production,
detox, and breaks down
glycogen.
Vesicles from the Rough ER travel to the
Golgi apparatus.
Structure: a series
of flattened,
membrane-bound
sacs.
The Golgi apparatus:
• modifies and sorts proteins.
• packages proteins into small transport bubbles called
“vesicles”.
• transports proteins in the vesicles to the plasma membrane,
to embed or send the proteins out of the cell..
Inside
the cell
Plasma
membrane
Outside
the cell
Plasma
membrane
• All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
have a plasma membrane.
But only Animal cells and Animal-like Protists have a
plasma membrane as their outer-most barrier.
Bacteria (pro.), Plants (euk.), Fungi (euk.), and some
Protista (euk.), have an additional boundary.
Cell Wall
Plasma
membrane
The cell wall is a fairly rigid structure located outside
the plasma membrane that provides additional support
and protection.
• The cell wall is permeable, but not flexible
Cell Wall
Plasma
membrane
Plant cell walls = Cellulose
Bacterial cell walls =
Peptidoglycan
Fungal cell walls = Chitin
Recycling
Lysosomes are organelles in eukaryotic cells that
contain digestive (hydrolysis) enzymes. They digest
excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and
engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Energy Transformers
Cells have to transform energy in order to use it.
There are two different organelles that do this as their job.
CHLOROPLAST
● Has a double membrane
● Only found in eukaryotic
PLANT and Plant-like
Protista cells
MITOCHONDRIA
● Has a double membrane
● Found in ALL eukaryotic cells
Chloroplasts: organelles that use light energy and
transform it into chemical energy in eukaryotic
PLANT cells.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CHLOROPLAST
Chloroplasts contain green pigment called chlorophyll
Chlorophyll traps energy from sunlight and gives
leaves and stems their green color.
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll
Energy Transformers
Mitochondria: membrane-bound organelles in ALL
eukaryotic cells that transform chemical energy from
food into an easily usable form for cells: ATP
Cellular respiration is the process by which
mitochondria use energy from carbs (also lipids and
proteins) and oxygen to create CO2 , water, and ATP.
SPACE INSIDE THE CELL
Cytoplasm/ Cytosol is the clear, gelatinous fluid inside the
cell.
This is a space in which most organelles move.
It makes up a little more than HALF the volume in a cell.
Support and Locomotion
Cells have a support structure and inter-transport
system called the cytoskeleton within the
cytoplasm.
The cytoskeleton forms a framework for the cell
However, unlike a human skeleton, the cytoskeleton is
constantly changing. It can be dismantled in one place, and
reassembled somewhere else in the cell, changing the cell’s
shape
Support and Locomotion
Some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell surfaces
have cilia and flagella, which are structures
that aid in locomotion or feeding.
Support and Locomotion
Cilia
Cilia are short, numerous,
hair-like projections that
move in a wavelike
motion.
Support and Locomotion
Flagella are long projections that move
in a whip-like motion. Flagella and cilia
are the major means of locomotion in
unicellular organisms.
Flagella