Transcript Cell Structure and Functions

Is it made of cells?
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Flowers
Skin
Proteins
Rocks
Milk
Bone
Lungs
Hamburger
DNA
Calcium
Apples
Chromosomes
Saliva
atoms
15. Sand
16. Worms
17. Leaf
18. Water
19. Molecules
20. Sugar
21. Chlorophyll
22. Paramecium
23. Blood
24 Cell membrane
25. Mushrooms
From Carbon to Coffee Bean
Amazing Cells
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begi
n/cells/scale/
From carbon to coffee bean
Smallest-----Largest
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Carbon atom
Adenine
Glucose
Phospholipid
Antibody
Ribosome
Influenza virus
E. coli Bacterium
Mitochondria
10. Baker’s yeast
11. Sperm cell
12. RBC
13. Skin cell
14. Human Egg
15. Paramecium
16. Amoeba Proteus
17. Grain of Salt
18. Coffee Bean
Levels Of Organization
Cells are the basic unit of Structure and Function
• What is the difference between
prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Cell Structure and Functions
Cell Theory
There are three parts to the cell theory:
1. All living things are made of one or
more cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure
and function in organisms.
3. All Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cell
Organelles
• What are organelles?
• internal
compartments that
carry out specific cell
functions
• How are organelles
beneficial to a cell?
• They allow the cell to
grow larger and
become more
specialized
• Nucleus: “control center”; houses DNA;
directs activities of the cell
• Nucleolus: producing ribosomes
• Nuclear envelope: “envelope”; encloses
the nucleus and its contents
• Nuclear pore: “door”, pore in nucleus; can
allow substances (RNA) to leave
Mitochondria
• “Powerhouse” of
the cell
• Energy production for
cells (ATP)
• Sites of aerobic
respiration
• “mitochondria makes
me mighty”
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• “Cell Highway”
• Synthesizes steroids
• Detoxifies poisons
(alcohol)
• Transports
substances
• Regulates calcium
levels for muscle
contraction
• “Back Road”
• Transports proteins
Ribosomes
• “Farmer”
• Make proteins
Golgi Apparatus
• “Post Office”
• membrane-bound
structure
• organelle modifies
molecules and
packages them into
small membrane
bound sacs called
vesicles
Vesicle
• “Taxi”
• Membrane-sac that
transports materials
• vesicle website
Lysosomes
• “Recycling Center”
• digests waste
materials and food
within the cell
• breaks down
molecules into their
base components
with strong digestive
enzymes
How do plant cells differ from
animal cells?
Plant Cell
• Plant cells have
different structures
• Contain:
– Cell wall
• “Great wall of China”
• Protection & Shape
– Chloroplast
• “Green Machine”
• Site of photosynthesis
– Vacuole
• “Garage”
• Stores water
• Large in plant cells,
small in animal cells
Cell membrane
• “Fence”
• Regulates substances in and out of the cell.
• cell membrane website
Cell wall
• Protection, Shape
Cytoplasm
• “Juice, Gel”
• Fluid portion of the
cell
• Suspends organelles
centrioles
Assist with cell division : helps to move chromosomes
Chromatin
• “library”
• Stores genetic info.
• Material consisting of
DNA and proteins
only visible during cell
division.
Different levels of DNA condensation. (1) DNA strand. (2) Chromatin strand
(DNA with histones). (3) Chromatin during interphase with centromere. (4)
Condensed chromatin during prophase. (Two copies of the DNA molecule are
now present) (5) Chromosome during metaphase.
• Microtubules
• “Skeleton”
• Part of cytoskeleton
• Assist in cell division
and provide internal
support
• Can combine with other
proteins to form
complex structures like
cilia and flagella
Cilia
• “Hairs”
• Fine, hair-like
projections on
surfaces of cells
Flagella
• “tail”
• Cellular movement
Peroxisome
• “Garbage Disposal”
• Produces H2O2
• Helps destroy
unneeded
substances.
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begi
n/cells/insideacell/
• http://www.khanacademy.org/science/biolo
gy/human-biology/v/parts-of-a-cell