Transcript The Pintadas solar project in Brazil

Second IMI CLIMTRAIN workshop
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT:
OPTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR IFAD
Community-based technology solutions:
The Pintadas solar project in Brazil
Rodolfo Pasinetti
Rome, 20 November 2008
The need for technological solutions
• Technology innovation can help communities to adapt to the
impacts of climate change.
• The UNFCCC emphasises the importance of technology
transfer to address climate change and recognises that
developing countries are less able to take advantage of new
technologies.
• Technology transfer requires a framework that entails:
– Hardware: the machinery or tools
– Software: the capacity and processes involved in the use
of technologies
– “Orgware”: the ownership and institutional arrangements
of the organization or community where technology will
be used.
Rome, 20 November 2008
Adaptation methodology (I)
• The objective of an adaptation strategy is to be a
reference for a “best practice” in adaptation
• The methodology for developing the strategy should
outline all key components that are necessary to
implement specific adaptation projects in a
successful way
Rome, 20 November 2008
Adaptation methodology (II)
The process phases should follow a methodology that allows
to identify the characteristics of the project as a “best
practice”
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Project identification and boundaries
Definition of the baseline scenario
General planning of the project
Setting up the activities
Monitoring plan and definition of the new scenario
Evaluation
Identification of scale-up possibilities
Rome, 20 November 2008
Project identification and boundaries (I)
 Mapping the climate change vulnerable region/area and sector
 Mapping poverty at national, sub-national, socio-economic and
occupational group
 Overlaying climate change and poverty (locate poverty hot-spot in
relation with CC)
 Identify geographical and socio-economic boundaries (target group)
The 4th Report of the National Working Group for
Strategic Planning to the President of Brazil pointed
out that the semi-arid region will experience longer
periods of droughts and intense precipitations
condensed over shorter periods of time.
This is likely to affect the current water cycle and the
way in which water is stored in local surface and
groundwater reservoir.
Poor communities are likely to suffer most because of
their little capacity and resources to cope with such
changes.
Rome, 20 November 2008
Project identification and boundaries (II)
Pintadas
• About 12,000 people
– 66% living in rural area
• Pasture and agriculture
– Mostly subsitence agriculture
• Poverty
– HDI 0.625 (Namibia)
– GDP per capita 800 $ per year
• Recurrent droughts
• Manual irrigation
• Since the 1960’s, construction of artificial water reservoirs (barreiros or
barragens) mostly for water supply, domestic use, pasture, subsistence
agriculture
• Today there are over 50 barragens that can support efficient irrigation
(about 130-200 hectares)
Rome, 20 November 2008
Definition of the baseline scenario
Analyze what will be the impacts of climate change in a region that keeps
using “conventional” technologies/strategies
In Pintadas the baseline is defined by:
the impacts of climate change in the region investigated, i.e.decrease of
rainfall
the impact to the target group, i.e. the farmers keep using “conventional”
technologies such as hand irrigation
What will happen to farmers in Pintadas, with decreasing rainfall, if they
will not have access to modern irrigation technologies?
Rome, 20 November 2008
General planning of the project
Objectives:
 to create a project typology in the context of adaptation to climate
change in semi-arid regions
 to empower communities to own, use and generate income from clean
technologies
 to develop a partnership model that can be replicated
How to achieve this?
 by analyzing other local experiences (if existing)
 by articulating with direct and indirect project partners
 by selecting the beneficiaries (through proper selection criteria)
 by developing a technology platform based on efficient and clean
irrigation and water pumping technologies that increase the agricultural
yields of local food crops
 by supporting farmers to own the model and make them more
entrepreneurial
Rome, 20 November 2008
Setting up project activities (I)
Definition of the technology platform:
•to increase food production
•to produce food surplus to supply local
markets
•to produce different kinds of crops (for
different uses)
Technological options for irrigation and
pumping:
•contact with suppliers
•acquisition and installation of systems
•capacity building
Rome, 20 November 2008
Setting up project activities (II)
• 5 drip irrigation
– 4 systems sharing a diesel pump
– 1 system with a solar photovoltaic
pump
Cost between 3000 and 4500 R$ ($
1500 and $ 2400)
• 2 organoponic systems of 75 m2
– Green leaves vegetables only
– Other variants with fruits and
other cultures
Cost of about 7000 R$ (3500 $)
Rome, 20 November 2008
Monitoring plan (I)
Products sold
System 1
Tomatoes
70
Salad
60
50
Sunflower
40
Corn
R$
Cowflower
30
20
Mashishi
10
Green pepper
0
Chilli pepper
Aubergine
Pumpkins
TP 
4560 R$
4560 R$

 6.3 anos
12 meses x 60 R$ 720 R$
Rome, 20 November 2008
Monitoring plan (II)
Products sold
System 2
Tomato
300
Beans
250
Green pepper
R$
Cachiche
200
Quiabo
100
Pepino
50
Salad
Venda, R$
150
Custo diesel, R
Lucro, R$
0
Persika
Spieces
TP 
2825 R$
2825R$

 1.2 anos
12 meses x 200 R$ 2400 R$
Rome, 20 November 2008
Evaluation
The 7 project beneficiaries
– Are self-sufficient in terms of
food
production
and
consumption
– Have an extra income
– Have gone through a learning
process that has enhanced their
leadership skills
The project
– Has been a catalyzer for
partnerships
– Has given hope to local farmers
Tempo de pagamento do sistema
7
6
5
Years
Payback of the system
–1 to 6 years
–Microfinance is applicable
4
3
2
1
0
Flor
Tonho
Si
Lita
ValtinhoRosangela
Renda maxima (R$/mes)
R$ 250
R$ 200
R$ 150
R$ 100
R$ 50
R$ 0
Flor
Tonho
Si
Lita
ValtinhoRosangela
Rome, 20 November 2008
Scaling up
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Articulation of the partnership
Creation of a revolving fund
Identification of land and water resources for replication
Identification of other technological platforms
Capacity building mechanism for small farmers
Monitoring
Launching a municipal program
Replication in other municipalities
Rome, 20 November 2008