Transcript GCSE Physical Education Healthy active lifestyles & how they could

GCSE Physical Education
The Muscular System
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson pupils should:

Know the major muscle groups

Understand the physical activities which
benefit them

The role of muscles in movement
The Muscular System
The Muscular System

The term ‘muscular system’ describes all the
muscles in the body and how they work.

Creates movement as a result of muscle
contracting and relaxing (lengthening). Muscles
also define body shape and maintain posture,
whether sitting or standing

Muscles work either:
- voluntarily (through planned movements) or
- involuntarily (contracting/lengthening by
themselves)
Voluntary & Involuntary Muscles
Muscles & Movement
Muscles & Movement

Muscles are attached to the bones of the
skeleton by tendons

Muscles are made up of many muscle fibres
and when these pull against the skeleton
(contract), movement takes place

Muscles cannot push, this is why they are
arranged in pairs so the other muscle can
pull in the opposite direction
Antagonistic Pairs
Antagonistic Pairs

Muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs,
so when one muscle contracts and pulls,
the other relaxes to allow the joint to work

The biceps and triceps are arranged in an
antagonistic pair to allow movement in the
forearm

This pair of muscles work antagonistically
during a bicep curl and a tricep dip
The Muscles
The Muscles

There are 11 specific muscles you need
to know for the examination:
The Deltoid
The Deltoid

The deltoid gives the rounded
shape of the shoulder

It abducts (takes away) the
upper arm from the body

Can be improved by lifting a
weight above the head
The Trapezius
The Trapezius

The trapezius is attached to the
head and neck at the top, and the
shoulder below

Its function is to lift the shoulder,
brace it back, and rotate the
shoulder blade

Can be improved by rowing and
shoulder shrugs
The Latissimus Dorsi
The Latissimus Dorsi

The latissimus dorsi is a sheet of
muscle which connects from the
lower spine to the humerus

Its function is to abduct (take away)
and rotate the arms. This draws
them back and inwards to the body

Can be improved by performing pullups
The Pectoral Muscle
The Pectoral Muscle
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The pectoral muscle covers the
chest
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Its function is to adduct (move
toward the body) the arm and draw
the arm forwards and rotate it
inwards
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Can be improved by performing
bench presses or push-ups
The Abdominal Muscles
The Abdominal Muscles

The abdominal muscles hold the
stomach in

They make flexing, bending forward
and rotating the trunk to the side
possible, and also help good
posture

Can be improved by rowing and
performing sit-ups correctly
The Biceps & Triceps
The Biceps & Triceps
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When the arm is extended
(straightened), the triceps contracts
and the biceps relaxes

When the arm is flexed (bent), the
triceps relaxes and the biceps
contracts

Can be improved by performing
press-ups correctly
The Gluteal Muscles
The Gluteal Muscles

These form the buttocks. The largest
of the gluteal muscles is the gluteus
maximus. It attaches to the femur

Its function is to pull the leg
backwards (extend)

Can be improved by performing
squats and lunges
The Quadriceps
The Quadriceps

The quadriceps are found on the
front of the upper leg

Its function is to extend (straighten)
the leg at the knee joint
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Can be improved by performing
squats
The Hamstrings
The Hamstrings

The hamstrings are found on the
back of the leg and stretch from the
bottom part of the pelvis to the tibia
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Its function is to bend (flex) the knee
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Can be improved by performing
leg curls
The Gastrocnemius
The Gastrocnemius
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The gastrocnemius starts at the
back of the femur. They come
together to form the Achilles tendon
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Its function is to point the toes
(plantar flex) away from the foot
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Can be improved by performing calf
raises
Thank you
Any questions, please do not hesitate
to ask