Transcript Chapter 22 - Brands Delmar

Chapter 22
Physical Therapy Skills
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Career Highlight
• Physical therapy assistants are valuable
members of the health care team
• Education requirements
• Licensure in most states
• Duties performed
• Required skills
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
22:1 Performing Range-of-Motion
(ROM) Exercises
• Purposes of ROM
• Problems caused by lack of movement
and activity
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Contracture of muscles
Muscle and joint function
Circulatory impairment
Mineral loss
Other problems
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
22:1 Performing Range-of-Motion
(ROM) Exercises
(continued)
• Types of ROM
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Active ROM
Active assistive ROM
Passive ROM
Resistive ROM
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Performing Range-of-Motion
(ROM) Exercises
(continued)
• Proper terms for movement of each joint;
see Fig. 22-3 in text
• Principles to observe while performing ROM
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
22:2 Transfer (Gait) Belts, Crutches,
Canes, or Walkers
• Patients may require aids, or assistive
devices, for ambulation
• Type used depends on injury and
patient’s condition
• Certain points must be observed when a
patient uses crutches, canes, a walker, or
a transfer belt
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Transfer (Gait) Belts, Crutches,
Canes, or Walkers
(continued)
• Remain alert at all times while ambulating
• Transfer (gait) belt
• Basic principles for ambulating a patient
with a transfer belt
• Crutches—artificial supports
• Basic principles for ambulating a patient
with crutches
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Transfer (Gait) Belts, Crutches,
Canes, or Walkers
(continued)
• Cane—provides balance and support
• Basic principles for ambulating a patient
with a cane
• Walker—has four legs
• Basic principles for ambulating a patient
with a walker
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Summary
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Always check ambulation aids before using
Make sure aid is properly fitted to patient
Use gait taught by therapist
Be alert to patient safety at all times
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
22:3 Administering
Heat/Cold Applications
• Cryotherapy—use of cold for treatment
• Applied to the skin
– Pain relief
– Reduce swelling
– Control bleeding
• Moist cold
• Dry cold
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Administering Heat/Cold
Applications
(continued)
• Thermotherapy—use of heat for treatment
• Applied to the skin
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Pain relief
Increase drainage and stimulate healing
Fight infection and increase circulation
Muscle spasm relief
Increase muscle mobility
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Administering Heat/Cold
Applications
(continued)
• Moist heat
• Dry heat
• Effect of heat and cold applications on
blood vessels
• Doctor’s order is required for a heat or
cold application
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Administering Heat/Cold
Applications
(continued)
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Checkpoints while application in place
Alertness required
Safety precautions
Standard precautions
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Administering Heat/Cold
Applications
(continued)
• Basic principles for applying an
ice bag or ice collar
• Basic principles for applying a
warm-water bag
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Administering Heat/Cold
Applications
(continued)
• Basic principles for applying an
aquathermia pad
• Basic principles for applying a
moist compress
• Basic principles for administering
a sitz bath
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Summary
• Doctor’s order required for all heat or
cold applications
• Follow correct procedures to prevent injury
to patient
• Check patient and condition of skin
frequently
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning