Transcript WHOLE BODY TERMS - Walla Walla Community College

CHAPTER 4
Whole Body Terms
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Structural Organization
• Cells
– Smallest, most numerous structural unit
• Tissues
– Groups of similar cells with specialized functions
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Structural Organization
• Organs
– Tissues arranged together to perform a particular
function
• Body systems
– Organization of different organs to perform bodily
functions
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Terms Relating to Cells
•
•
•
•
•
•
Anaplasia
Aplasia
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Hypoplasia
Neoplasia
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Types of Tissues
• Connective
• Epithelial
• Muscle
– Skeletal
– Smooth or Visceral
– Cardiac
• Nervous
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Question
The _______ are the smallest structural units,
leading up to ______________, which
perform important bodily functions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
tissues, organs
body systems, cells
cells, body systems
cells, organs
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Question
Of the 4 types of tissue, how many do you
think are involved in a body system such as
the digestive system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
4
3
2
None
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Body Planes
• Midsagittal
–
–
–
–
Divides body into equal right and left portions
Midline of the body
Medial
Lateral
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Body Planes
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Body Planes
• Frontal or coronal
– Divides body into front and back portions
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Body Planes
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Body Planes
• Transverse
– Cuts across body
– Superior (cranial, cephalic)
– Inferior (caudal)
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Body Planes
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Question
True or False: A frontal view is when you
divide the body into equal left and right
portions.
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Question
True or False: A radiologist dictates a
craniocaudal view was performed. This
means the film was shot from the top of the
head downward toward the tail.
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Body Regions
• Nine abdominal regions
– Identified from left to right
– Move from top to bottom
– One row at a time
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Body Regions
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Abdominal Quadrants
• Landmark = umbilicus (navel)
• Quadrants
– RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
– McBurney’s point
– Munro’s point
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Abdominal Quadrants
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Question
True or False: McBurney’s point is the
landmark for the 4 abdominal quadrants.
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Body Cavities
• Ventral cavity
– Thoracic
– Abdominal
– Pelvic
• Dorsal cavity
– Cranial
– Spinal
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Body Cavities
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Question
True or False: Basically, anything in front of
the spine is considered a ventral cavity.
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Question
The ___________ cavity is separated by the
diaphragm from the ___________ cavity.
a.
b.
c.
d.
pelvic, abdominal
abdominal, thoracic
thoracic, pelvic
thoracic, abdominopelvic
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Divisions of the Back
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•
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•
•
Cervical vertebrae (C1 – C7)
Thoracic vertebrae (T1 – T12)
Lumbar vertebrae (L1 – L5)
Sacrum
Coccyx
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Divisions of the Back
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Question
When describing a vertebral body’s location,
you will use the _________ letter of each
division.
a.
b.
c.
d.
second
last
first
next to last
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Directional Terms
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•
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Superficial
Anterior
Ventral
Superior
Cranial
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
Deep
Posterior
Dorsal
Inferior
Caudal
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Directional Terms
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Directional Terms
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•
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Medial
Distal
Supine
Supination
Plantar
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
vs.
Lateral
Proximal
Prone
Pronation
Dorsal
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Directional Terms
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Question
Common nouns can help in keeping directional
terms straight. For instance, something in
close proximity is __________ and something
that is in the distance is __________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
medial, lateral
distal, proximal
superior, inferior
proximal, distal
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