Transcript unit_41_planning

Unit 41
Planning and Constructing
Agricultural Structures
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Principles of Farmstead Layout
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Place buildings in a well-drained area
Plant a windbreak on the northwest side
Place electrical meter pole central to all buildings
Put livestock facilities downwind from the house
Face buildings to the south or east
Space all buildings so that they can be enlarged
Provide a circle for traffic flow
Hard-surface or gravel main traffic areas
Provide proper drainage
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Building Materials
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Lumber
Plywood
Oriented strand board
Pressure-treated lumber
Roofing and siding
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Building Types
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Pole buildings
Post-frame buildings
Rigid-frame buildings
Woodframe buildings
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Foundation
• Necessary to have exact locations of all
corners for the building
• Lay out level lines along outer edges of
foundation or posts
• Establish elevation(s)
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Excavation
• Excavate: to dig or remove earth
• After laying out the building, dig trenches
for footer and foundation several feet
beyond the outside of the layout lines and as
deep as the basement subgrade
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Footers
• Pour with concrete made to correct
specifications and reinforcement details
• May be poured with solid concrete or laid
up with masonry blocks
• Waterproof walls
• Install a tile or PVC pipe drainage system in
a stone bed with a stone cover above
footing
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Walls and Floors
• Construct floor structure and subflooring
before the wall of the next story
• Walls and partition framing are laid out and
nailed together on the floor
• After framing is in place, install exterior
sheathing and siding or brick veneer
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Insulation
• Important for energy conservation and moisture
control
• Place a moisture-proof membrane between fill
material and concrete to protect concrete floors
from moisture penetration
• Use special masonry products to protect outside
surfaces of foundation
• Place solid insulation material between floor and
side walls or foundation
• In metal and pole buildings, be sure to have a
proper vapor barrier
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Ropes
• Ropes are used to tie bundles, lift objects,
secure livestock, drag materials, rig boats,
among other things
• Common knots
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square
bowline
clove hitch and two half hitches
timber hitch
barrel sling
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Important Terms
• Rafter: single timber that supports a section of the
roof
• Girder: timber that carries the weight of floors
and interior walls
• Truss: rigid framework
• Pole buildings: supported by poles erected in the
soil
• Post-and-girder or post-frame: buildings that
rest on posts and rely on girders to carry their
sides and roof
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Important Terms (continued)
• Exterior grade: stays strong and usable when
exposed to weather
• Dressed: planed
• Plywood: made of veneer
• Veneer: thin sheets of wood glued with alternating
layers perpendicular to each other
• Subfloor: first layer of flooring
• Sheathing: first exterior layer of a wall or roof
• Interior grade: plywood in which the glue weakens
in dampness
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Important Terms (continued)
• Oriented strand board (OSB): made from small
round logs chipped into strands
• Pressure-treated: chemical preservatives driven
into wood under pressure
• Footing pad: concrete slab in bottom of hole to
prevent pole from sinking
• Girts: horizontal side nailers
• Purlins: longitudinal roof nailers
• Gusset: piece of wood or metal used to reinforce a
joint
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Important Terms (continued)
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Square: top of the wall
Joist: timber used to support the flooring
Foundation: concrete or block walls
Below grade: below the surface level of the
surrounding land
• Elevation: relative height and position from sea
level
• Batter boards: level boards placed 8 to 12 feet
beyond the foundation
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Important Terms (continued)
• Subgrade: level where stone begins for a concrete
floor or topsoil begins when grading off land
• Footer: continuous concrete under a foundation
• Tread: part of the stair you step on
• Riser: back of the stair step
• Stair stringer: structure that supports the stairs
• Eave: overhang
• Whipped: tightly coiling strong cord around end of
rope to protect against unraveling
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.