Transcript Chapter 9 - Brands Delmar

Chapter 9
Cultural Diversity
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
9:1 Culture, Ethnicity, and Race
• Health care workers are involved with many
different people
• Respect individuality
• Be aware of factors that cause each person
to be unique
• Influence is cultural/ethnic heritage
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Culture
• Values, beliefs, attitudes, language, symbols,
rituals, behaviors, and customs unique to a
particular group of people
• Passed from one generation to next
• Often defined set of rules
• Foundation of behavior, but variances
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Culture
(continued)
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Culture is learned
Culture is shared
Social in nature
Dynamic and constantly changing
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Ethnicity
• Classification of people based on national
origin and/or culture
• Share common heritage, geographic location,
national origin, social customs, language,
and beliefs
• Common ethnic groups
• Subgroups within larger ethnic groups
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Race
• Based on physical or biological factors
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Color of skin, hair, and eyes
Facial features
Blood types
Bone structure
Race cuts across multiple ethnic and cultural groups
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Cultural Diversity
• Differences among people resulting from
cultural, ethnic, and racial factors
• These differences influence a
person’s behavior
• Differences exist within ethnic/cultural
groups
• United States called a “melting pot,” or is it
more accurately a “salad bowl?”
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Acculturation
• Process of learning the beliefs and behaviors
of a dominant culture and assuming some of
the characteristics
– Every individual has unique blend of characteristics
– Need to develop sensitivity to differences
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9:2 Bias, Prejudice, and Stereotyping
• Bias: preference or inclination that inhibits
impartial judgment
• Prejudice: strong feelings or beliefs about a
person or subject; pre-judging others without
reviewing facts or information; often based
on fear
• Stereotyping: making the assumption that
everyone in a group is the same
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Bias, Prejudice, and Stereotyping
(continued)
• Creates barriers to relationships
• Health care workers need to avoid feelings
and assumptions
• Ways to avoid bias, prejudice, and
stereotyping
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9:3 Understanding Cultural Diversity
• Cultural and ethnic beliefs will affect
behavior
• Health care worker needs to be aware of
these beliefs to meet the physical, social,
emotional, and mental needs of individuals
(continues)
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Understanding Cultural Diversity
(continued)
• Family organization
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Nuclear
Extended
Patriarchal versus matriarchal
Recognition and acceptance of family organization
is essential in all aspects of the health care field
(continues)
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Understanding Cultural Diversity
(continued)
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Language
Personal space and touch
Eye contact
Gestures
Health care beliefs (See Table 9-1 in text)
Spirituality and religion (See Table 9-2 in text)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
9:4 Respect Cultural Diversity
• Regard each individual as unique
• Everyone adopts beliefs and forms a pattern
of behavior based on culture, ethnicity, race,
life experiences, spirituality, and religion
• Health care workers must learn to respect
differences in individuals
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning