Transcript wise_7e_powerpoint_chp_51

Chapter 51
Pharmacology Fundamentals
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Categories and Classifications
• Drugs are categorized and classified
– By chemical type
– By active ingredient
– By how it is used to treat a disease or symptom
• See Table 51-1 for a listing of the various
classifications
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Drug Actions
• Chemotherapeutic
– Drugs used to cure a disease cause by an
infectious organism or cancer
• Pharmacodynamic
– Drugs used to treat noninfectious processes by
changing the body’s actions or nonactions
• Miscellaneous agents
– Pain relievers
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Agonists
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Antagonists
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Drug Effects
• Local
– Effect is manifested where drug was administered
• Remote
– Effect is manifested in a place other than where
drug was administered
• Systemic
– Effect is generalized throughout the body
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Considerations of Drug Action
• Many factors affect how drugs affect the body
Age
Method of
administration
Time
Weight
Tolerance
Interaction
Body surface area
Allergies
Rate
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Drug Forms
Capsules
Liquids
Suppositories
Drops
Powders
Tablets
Inhalants
Skin preparations
Transdermal
patches
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Drug Names
• Chemical name
– >> N-(4-hydroxylphenyl) acetemide
• Generic name
– >> acetaminophen
• Trade name
– >> Tylenol
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Prescription Drugs
• Drugs that can only be purchased by or
administered to patient with licensed
provider’s written prescription
• Many drugs have serious side effects even
when used appropriately
• Monitored by the FDA
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Controlled Substances
• Any drug that has the potential for abuse
– May be prescription drug or illegal drug
• Schedules of controlled substances
– I, II, III, IV, V
– I is highest potential
of abuse
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Controlled Substances
• Providers must register with the DEA to
administer controlled substances
• Controlled substances in the medical office
must be stored under
double lock
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Nonprescription Drugs
• Also called over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
• Considered safe and effective for use without
a prescription
– However, improper use of OTC drugs can still be
harmful
• Also monitored by the FDA
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Vitamins and Supplements
• When asking about all drugs taken by patient,
also ask about vitamins and supplements
– Some may duplicate compounds in prescribed
drugs
– Some may counteract prescribed drugs
– Some may cause toxicity
• Little oversight by the FDA
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Handling Medications
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Stock medications
Samples
Refrigerated medications
Disposal of medications
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Pharmaceutical References
• Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR)
– For prescription drugs
– Current edition of PDR has five sections
• Find the brand name > Brand and Generic Name Index
• If only the classification is known, go to the Product
Category Index
– Older editions have six sections and are colorcoded
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Pharmaceutical References
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PDR for Nonprescription Drugs
Product Inserts
Professional Drug Handbooks
Electronic and Online Resources
– USP-NF
– PDR.net
– Other sources: Make sure you verify authority of
website
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