Transcript Power Point - Delmar Cengage Learning

Chapter 1
Introduction to
the Structural Units
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
A and P
•Anatomy
– Shape and structures of an organism’s body and the relationship
of one body part to another
•Physiology
– Function of each body part and how the functions of the various
body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Branches of Anatomy
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Gross anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
Developmental anatomy
Comparative anatomy
Systematic anatomy
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Terms for Location or Position
and Directions
• Anterior or ventral
– Front or in front of
• Posterior or dorsal
– Back or in back of
• Cranial and caudal
– Refer to direction of either toward the “head end” or “tail end”
• Superior and inferior
– Above or below another
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Terms for Location or Position
and Directions, etc.
• Medial and lateral
– Toward the midline or away from the midline
• Proximal and distal
– Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin
• Superficial or external
– On or near the surface or deep (internal)
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Body Planes and Sections
• Sagittal plane
– Right and left parts
• Midsagittal plane
– Equal right and left parts
• Coronal (frontal) plane
– Vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane
• Transverse or cross section
– Horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts
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Animation – Body Planes
Click Here to play Body
Planes animation
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Body Cavities
• Dorsal cavity
– Brain and spinal cord
– Cranial cavity
– Spinal cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Abdominopelvic cavity
– Abdominal cavity
– Pelvic cavity
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Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
• Epigastric region (upper)
– Just below sternum
• Right and left hypochondriac
– Just below ribs
• Umbilical (middle)
– Located around the navel
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Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
• Right and left lumbar
– Extend from anterior to posterior
• Hypogastric (lower)
– Pubic area
• Right and left iliac
– Also called right and left inguinal areas
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Smaller Cavities
• Orbital cavity
– Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts
• Nasal cavity
– Parts that form the nose
• Buccal cavity
– Teeth and and tongue
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Life Functions
• Living organisms may be one-celled
organisms or multi-celled organisms. They
include humans, plants, animals, etc.
• All living organisms are capable of carrying
on life functions
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Life Functions
• These functions allow living organisms to
live, grow and maintain themselves
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Life Functions
• Movement
– Muscle system
• Ingestion
– Digestive system
• Digestion
– Digestive system
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Life Functions
• Transport
– Circulatory system
• Respiration
– Respiratory system
• Synthesis
– Digestive system
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Life Functions
• Assimilation
– Digestive system
• Growth
– Skeletal system
• Secretion
– Endocrine system
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Life Functions
• Excretion
– Urinary system
• Regulation (sensitivity)
– Nervous system
• Reproduction
– Reproductive system
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Human Development
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Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ system
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Body Processes
• Metabolism
– Functional activities of the cell that result in growth, repair,
energy release, use of food, and secretions
• Anabolism
– Building up
• Catabolism
– Breaking down
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Homeostasis
• Ability of the body to regulate its internal
environment within narrow limits
• Essential to survival
• Works on a negative feedback system
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Metric System
• Measurements for length, weight and
volume
• It is a decimal system
• Based on the power of ten
• Uses prefixes, such as centi-, milli-, and
micro-
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Metric System
• Lengths measured in meters
• Weights measured in grams
• Volumes measured in liters
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Medical Highlights
• Some recent advances
– MRI
– CAT scans,
Organ transplants
– Joint replacements
• Future developing technology will be in
biotechnology and nanotechnology
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning