Transcript Activity and Exercise

CONCEPT OF NURSING
Promoting Healthy Physiologic Responses
Body Mechanics
Activity and Exercise
Activity and Exercise
 Activity-exercise pattern: Refers to a person’s
routine of exercise, activity, leisure and
recreation needs for rest and mobility.
 Exercise: A type of physical activity involving
the muscles performed to maintain or improve
physical fitness.
Types of exercise:
 Isotonic (dynamic) exercises:
Muscle shortens to produce contraction and active movement
.e.g. running, walking, swimming, cycling)
* Advantages:
1- Increase muscle tone, mass, strength.
2- Maintain joint flexibility and circulation.
 Isometric (static or setting) exercises:
There is muscle contraction without moving the joint
* useful for strengthening abdominal, gluteal muscles)
* No change in muscle length
* No joint movement
* Maintaining strength in immobilized muscle
Types of exercise:
 Isokinetic (resistive) exercises:

It involves muscle contraction or tension against
resistance, can be either isotonic and isometric.
 These exercises are used in physical conditioning &
are often done to build up certain muscle groups.
Benefits of exercise on body system
 Musculoskeletal System:
* Increase and maintain muscle tone, size, shape
* Increase joint mobility, flexibility, and range of
motion.
* Maintain bone density & strength.
 Cardiovascular System:
*Improve cardiovascular function, by increasing cardiac
output and strength of heart muscle contraction.
Benefits of exercise on body system
 Respiratory System:
*Improves gas exchange by increasing the ventilation
& oxygenation.
 GI tract System:
*Improve appetite, digestion and elimination.
 Metabolic System:
*Increase metabolic rate, thus increase the production
of body heat and calorie use.
Benefits of exercise on body system
 Urinary System:
*Improve excretion of body waste through the kidneys.
 Psycho-neurologic System:
* Enhance sense of well-being and help to relieve
stress.
* Improves the quality of sleep.
* Improve self concept and self esteem by decreasing
depression.
 Intigumentary System:
* Maintain skin integrity
Positioning Clients
Performed by the nurse:
 For certain procedures or surgeries.
 To protect the client body from injury.
 To maintain muscle tone.
 To prevent complications.
Positions and Uses
 Dorsal (supine):
* Place patient on back with head and shoulders are slightly elevated.
* Used for physical assessment , to provide comfort , & change position.
Positions and Uses
 Dorsal recumbent:
* Place patient on back, legs flexed and slightly rotated outward
*Used for pelvic examination, female catheterization, perinal care
Positions and Uses
 Semi-fowler’s position:
* Sitting position with or without positioning pillow at head 45-60
degree. used for eating and facilitate breathing.
Positions and Uses
 High fowler’s position:
*Head & trunk are raised 60-90 degrees, used for some people with
heart problems or having difficulty breathing.
Positions and Uses
Prone position:
* Lying flat on the abdomen, arm flexed toward head, & head
turned to one side. Useful for some unconscious patients.
Factors Affecting Mobility
 Health Status
 Developmental Stage
• Children
• Adolescents
• Adults
 Environment
• Attitudes and Beliefs
• Lifestyle
Nursing Diagnoses
 Activity Intolerance
 Impaired Physical Mobility
 Risk of Disuse Syndrome
 Self-Care Deficits
 Altered Health Maintenance
 Risks for Falls
Planning and Outcome
Identification
• Bed Rest
• Restorative Nursing Care (Changing position)
• Health Promotion and Fitness
Implementation
 Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises
• Performed several times a day.
• Each joint is placed through its full functional
motion.
Implementation
 Transfer Techniques
• Moving clients
• Transferring from bed to chair
• Transferring from bed to stretcher
• Assistive devices
Implementation
 Assisting with Ambulation
• Preparing the client to walk
• Client education
• Preambulating exercise
Assisting with Ambulation
 Assistive Devices
-Canes
-Crutches
-Walkers