Transcript Fitness Training

FITNESS TRAINING
 Active range of motion – Portion of the total
range of motion through which a joint can be
moved by an active muscle contraction
 Aerobic – An activity that requires oxygen
 Agonist – The muscle that is contracting to
produce movement
 Antagonist – The muscle that is being stretched
when the agonist contacts
 Anaerobic – An activity that does not require
oxygen
 Atrophy – A decrease in the size of a muscle
 Ballistic stretch – Exercise in which body momentum is used
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to force muscle groups into as much extensibility as can be
tolerated. This may also induce muscle tears as a result of
misjudging the stretch tolerance of the body tissues or
failing to control the force of the body momentum.
Cardiorespiratory endurance – The ability to perform wholebody large muscle activities for extended periods of time
Circuit training – Involves the use of a series of exercise
stations that consist of various combinations of weight
training, flexibility, calisthenics, and brief aerobic exercises
Closed kinetic chain exercises – Exercises in which the foot or
hand is in a weight bearing position on the ground or some
other object
Concentric contraction (Positive resistance) – A muscle
contraction in which the muscle is shortened during
contraction
 Core – Made up of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex
where the center of gravity is located and all
movement begins.
 Eccentric contraction (Negative resistance) – The
muscle lengthens during a contraction
 Endurance – The ability of the body to undergo
prolonged activity
 Fartlek training – Means “speed play” and involves
running for a specific period of time without specific
criteria placed on pace and speed
 Flexibility – The range of motion (ROM) of a specific
joint influenced by bony structures and the
physiological characteristics of muscles, tendons,
ligaments, and other collagenous tissues around the
joint
 Functional Strength Training – The use of integrated
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exercises to improve functional movement patterns in
terms of both increased strength, as well as improved
neuromuscular control and core stabilization.
Hypertrophy – An increase in muscle size
Interval training – Involves alternating periods of
relatively intense work and active recovery
Isokinetic contraction – A muscle contraction in which
the length of the muscle is changing while the
contraction is performed at a constant velocity
Isometric contraction – A muscle contraction that
generates energy (in the form of heat) with no change
in length of the muscle or in the angle of the joint at
which the contraction takes place. A "static contraction"
 Isotonic contraction – A "dynamic contraction" that
either involves a shortening (concentric) or a
lengthening (eccentric) of the muscle through a
complete range of motion
 Muscular endurance – The ability to perform
repetitive muscular contractions against some
resistance
 Muscular strength – The ability of a muscle to
generate force
 Muscular power – The ability to generate force
rapidly
 Open kinetic chain exercise – The foot or hand is not
in contact with the ground or other object while
performing exercises
 Overload principle – Training is performed with a
progressively increased load or resistance at a
near-maximal rate
 Passive range of motion – Portion of the total
range of motion through which a joint can be
moved without a muscle contraction
 Periodization – Conditioning principle that allows
athletes to train year round with less risk of
injury
 Plyometric exercise – A type of exercise that
produces an isometric-type overload using the
stretch reflex