Transcript The Immune System in Health & Disease

‫ايمني شناس ي‬
Immunology:
The Immune System in Health &
Disease
‫دوره كارشناس ي علوم آزمايشگاهي‬
‫منابع‬
Immunobiology:
The Immune System in Health & Disease
Sixth Edition Charles A. Janeway, Paul Travers, Mark
Walport, Mark Shlomchik
Immunlogy
Sixth Edition
Kuby, Kindt, Goldsby, Osborn
Figure 1-1
Edward Jenner 1796
diccovered that Cowpox or vaccinia induced protection against
human smallpox
‫ايمونولوژي‬
Immunology
Importance of Immunology ‫اهميت ايميونولوژي‬
What is Immunity? ‫ايمني چيست؟‬
Components of Immune System ‫اجزاء سيستم ايمني‬
Function of Immune System ‫عملكرد سيستم ايمني‬
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‫اهميت ايميونولوژي‬
Importance of Immunology
Host Defence The body is under constant : Host Defence 
attack by pathigenic microorganisms in the environment.
Obviously protecting the host from infection is the main 
job for the immune system
Pathogen : an infectious agent that causes disease 
Infection or disease occurs when a microorganism
(pathogen) manages to overcome host defenses to make a
local site of infection and multiplication.
Pathogen: There are four broad categories of disease- 
causing microorganisms or pathogens; Viruses, Bacteria,
Pathogenic Fungi, other complex eukaryotic organisms
termed Parasites
‫ايمني چيست؟‬
What is Immunity?
Immunity (derived from immunitas: Latin for
exemption from prosecution)
Immunity means protection from disease and
especially infectious disease.
Resistance to particular pathogens or to their
toxins or metabolic by-products
Then, antigens elicit immune responses
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‫اساس كارسيستم ايمني‬
Base of Immune System Function
Based on the ability to distinguish “self” from “nonself” antigens
If not, immune responses are elicited to their own
tissues as they are foreign agents.
Most individuals do not suffer from autoimmune
disease because they have developed tolerance
towards their own (self) tissues.
The immune response can cause the autoimmune
diseases common to man such as diabetes,
rheumatoid arthritis
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‫اجزاء سيستم ايمني‬
Components of Immune System
‫ بافتها و اعضاء سيستم لنفاوي‬
Lymphoid Organs
‫ سلولهاي لنفاوي‬
Lymphoid Cells
‫بافتها و اعضاء سيستم لنفاوي‬
Lymphoid Organs 1
Primary (Central) Lymphoid Organs 
(Lymphocytes are generated) 
Bone Marrow 
Thymus 
‫بافتها و اعضاء سيستم لنفاوي‬
Lymphoid Organs 2
Secondary (Peripheral) Lymphoid Organs 
Lymphocytes are maintained, Adaptive Immune 
Responses are initiated
Lymphatic Vessels & Capillaries 
Lymph nodes 
Spleen 
Lymphoid tissues associated with mucosa 
Gut associated Tonsils, .1
Peyers Patches .2
Appendix .3
Lymphoid Follicles (Bronchial-Associated Lymphoid .4
Tissue (BALT), Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid
Tissue (MALT)
‫‪Primary (Central) Lymphoid‬‬
‫‪Organs‬‬
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‫مغز استخوان ‪Bone Marrow‬‬
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‫درسنين پايين درهمه استخوانها‬
‫درسنين باال دراستخوانهاي درازازبين مي رود‬
‫محل بلوغ لنفوسيتهاي ‪ B‬است‬
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‫تيموس ‪Thymus‬‬
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‫در سنين پايين فعال است و در سن باال تحليل مي رود‬
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‫محل بلوغ لنفوسيتهاي ‪ T‬است‬
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Thymus
• small in an adult
• site of T lymphocyte
production
• secretes thymosins
16-14
Figure 1-7